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Australia vs Canada: population pyramids compared

Canada is about 1.5 times as large as Australia, but size is only part of the story. Compare the two age structures on one percentage scale for 2026 and 2050, with every indicator side by side.

Estimate or projection?

UN estimates run through 2023; figures from 2024 onward are medium-scenario projections.

Australia and Canada in 2026

Australia population pyramid

2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Australia population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 1,627 (0.0%) 100+ females: 5,083 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 15,996 (0.1%) 95–99 females: 34,729 (0.1%) 95–99 90–94 males: 66,400 (0.2%) 90–94 females: 109,853 (0.4%) 90–94 85–89 males: 171,487 (0.6%) 85–89 females: 224,999 (0.8%) 85–89 80–84 males: 322,950 (1.2%) 80–84 females: 372,606 (1.4%) 80–84 75–79 males: 496,091 (1.8%) 75–79 females: 549,261 (2.0%) 75–79 70–74 males: 586,708 (2.2%) 70–74 females: 644,639 (2.4%) 70–74 65–69 males: 683,326 (2.5%) 65–69 females: 741,955 (2.7%) 65–69 60–64 males: 745,306 (2.7%) 60–64 females: 784,244 (2.9%) 60–64 55–59 males: 789,246 (2.9%) 55–59 females: 820,755 (3.0%) 55–59 50–54 males: 821,640 (3.0%) 50–54 females: 841,798 (3.1%) 50–54 45–49 males: 831,988 (3.1%) 45–49 females: 853,409 (3.1%) 45–49 40–44 males: 948,736 (3.5%) 40–44 females: 961,546 (3.5%) 40–44 35–39 males: 977,326 (3.6%) 35–39 females: 996,666 (3.7%) 35–39 30–34 males: 977,689 (3.6%) 30–34 females: 961,816 (3.5%) 30–34 25–29 males: 913,314 (3.4%) 25–29 females: 866,556 (3.2%) 25–29 20–24 males: 848,590 (3.1%) 20–24 females: 807,235 (3.0%) 20–24 15–19 males: 863,278 (3.2%) 15–19 females: 818,358 (3.0%) 15–19 10–14 males: 846,713 (3.1%) 10–14 females: 800,892 (2.9%) 10–14 5–9 males: 804,722 (3.0%) 5–9 females: 761,992 (2.8%) 5–9 0–4 males: 798,052 (2.9%) 0–4 females: 757,520 (2.8%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Canada population pyramid

2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Canada population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 3,010 (0.0%) 100+ females: 12,473 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 26,391 (0.1%) 95–99 females: 66,718 (0.2%) 95–99 90–94 males: 105,192 (0.3%) 90–94 females: 187,922 (0.5%) 90–94 85–89 males: 252,573 (0.6%) 85–89 females: 357,560 (0.9%) 85–89 80–84 males: 487,065 (1.2%) 80–84 females: 595,161 (1.5%) 80–84 75–79 males: 776,449 (1.9%) 75–79 females: 887,559 (2.2%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,010,986 (2.5%) 70–74 females: 1,106,697 (2.7%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,224,158 (3.0%) 65–69 females: 1,290,723 (3.2%) 65–69 60–64 males: 1,314,556 (3.2%) 60–64 females: 1,349,957 (3.3%) 60–64 55–59 males: 1,208,918 (3.0%) 55–59 females: 1,234,178 (3.0%) 55–59 50–54 males: 1,197,726 (3.0%) 50–54 females: 1,225,599 (3.0%) 50–54 45–49 males: 1,276,476 (3.2%) 45–49 females: 1,299,158 (3.2%) 45–49 40–44 males: 1,389,077 (3.4%) 40–44 females: 1,378,802 (3.4%) 40–44 35–39 males: 1,452,666 (3.6%) 35–39 females: 1,410,806 (3.5%) 35–39 30–34 males: 1,490,948 (3.7%) 30–34 females: 1,400,645 (3.5%) 30–34 25–29 males: 1,445,174 (3.6%) 25–29 females: 1,352,590 (3.3%) 25–29 20–24 males: 1,226,463 (3.0%) 20–24 females: 1,194,569 (3.0%) 20–24 15–19 males: 1,127,524 (2.8%) 15–19 females: 1,090,150 (2.7%) 15–19 10–14 males: 1,079,464 (2.7%) 10–14 females: 1,031,449 (2.5%) 10–14 5–9 males: 1,027,518 (2.5%) 5–9 females: 979,388 (2.4%) 5–9 0–4 males: 970,096 (2.4%) 0–4 females: 923,192 (2.3%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Key differences between Australia and Canada

Age. Canada is the older population, with a median age of 40.8 years against 38.5 in Australia — a gap of 2.3 years. Australia has the larger share of children (17.5% under 15 versus 14.9%), while Canada has the larger share aged 65 and over (20.7% versus 18.5%).

Births and survival. Australia’s fertility rate of 1.64 is below the replacement level, and Canada’s 1.33 is below it. Life expectancy at birth is 84.3 years in Australia and 83.1 in Canada.

Dependency. The total age dependency ratio is 56.2 in Australia (27.4 children and 28.8 older people per 100 aged 15–64) and 55.3 in Canada (23.1 and 32.2). Similar totals can hide very different mixes of young and old.

Outlook. Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario has Australia’s population grows by 19% and Canada’s grows by 13%. These are scenario results, not forecasts; how projections work explains the assumptions.

Australia vs Canada: indicators side by side

IndicatorAustraliaCanada
Population, 202627,227,09640,467,728
Median age38.5 years40.8 years
Under age 1517.5%14.9%
Aged 15–6464.0%64.4%
Aged 65+18.5%20.7%
Age dependency ratio56.255.3
Fertility rate1.641.33
Life expectancy at birth84.3 years83.1 years
Annual growth+0.9%+0.8%
Males per 100 females98.598.6
Population, 205032,506,96945,621,882
Change, 2026–2050+19.4%+12.7%
Population, 210043,143,68553,612,234
Peak yearStill rising in 2100Still rising in 2100
Global population rank#55#38

2026, 2050, and 2100 values are UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium-scenario projections.

How the two pyramids could look in 2050

The same scale is kept for the projected charts, so a narrowing base or widening top can be compared directly with the 2026 shapes above.

Australia population pyramid

2050 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Australia population pyramid for 2050: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 7,057 (0.0%) 100+ females: 14,732 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 56,475 (0.2%) 95–99 females: 98,614 (0.3%) 95–99 90–94 males: 206,982 (0.6%) 90–94 females: 303,841 (0.9%) 90–94 85–89 males: 417,200 (1.3%) 85–89 females: 529,065 (1.6%) 85–89 80–84 males: 573,688 (1.8%) 80–84 females: 665,619 (2.0%) 80–84 75–79 males: 712,322 (2.2%) 75–79 females: 784,141 (2.4%) 75–79 70–74 males: 751,827 (2.3%) 70–74 females: 806,747 (2.5%) 70–74 65–69 males: 891,836 (2.7%) 65–69 females: 932,956 (2.9%) 65–69 60–64 males: 954,725 (2.9%) 60–64 females: 995,576 (3.1%) 60–64 55–59 males: 984,563 (3.0%) 55–59 females: 997,984 (3.1%) 55–59 50–54 males: 960,023 (3.0%) 50–54 females: 931,247 (2.9%) 50–54 45–49 males: 937,145 (2.9%) 45–49 females: 911,250 (2.8%) 45–49 40–44 males: 1,050,645 (3.2%) 40–44 females: 1,021,555 (3.1%) 40–44 35–39 males: 1,076,190 (3.3%) 35–39 females: 1,045,307 (3.2%) 35–39 30–34 males: 1,056,266 (3.2%) 30–34 females: 1,024,292 (3.2%) 30–34 25–29 males: 1,052,512 (3.2%) 25–29 females: 1,021,023 (3.1%) 25–29 20–24 males: 980,610 (3.0%) 20–24 females: 947,027 (2.9%) 20–24 15–19 males: 867,798 (2.7%) 15–19 females: 832,841 (2.6%) 15–19 10–14 males: 862,216 (2.7%) 10–14 females: 825,493 (2.5%) 10–14 5–9 males: 878,750 (2.7%) 5–9 females: 839,619 (2.6%) 5–9 0–4 males: 870,394 (2.7%) 0–4 females: 828,821 (2.5%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Canada population pyramid

2050 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Canada population pyramid for 2050: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 12,716 (0.0%) 100+ females: 35,280 (0.1%) 100+ 95–99 males: 97,087 (0.2%) 95–99 females: 188,655 (0.4%) 95–99 90–94 males: 350,412 (0.8%) 90–94 females: 524,226 (1.1%) 90–94 85–89 males: 693,920 (1.5%) 85–89 females: 874,749 (1.9%) 85–89 80–84 males: 858,828 (1.9%) 80–84 females: 990,592 (2.2%) 80–84 75–79 males: 991,298 (2.2%) 75–79 females: 1,092,539 (2.4%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,133,461 (2.5%) 70–74 females: 1,213,998 (2.7%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,306,870 (2.9%) 65–69 females: 1,346,443 (3.0%) 65–69 60–64 males: 1,421,297 (3.1%) 60–64 females: 1,415,659 (3.1%) 60–64 55–59 males: 1,521,531 (3.3%) 55–59 females: 1,462,417 (3.2%) 55–59 50–54 males: 1,552,120 (3.4%) 50–54 females: 1,465,014 (3.2%) 50–54 45–49 males: 1,459,514 (3.2%) 45–49 females: 1,428,464 (3.1%) 45–49 40–44 males: 1,480,677 (3.2%) 40–44 females: 1,454,046 (3.2%) 40–44 35–39 males: 1,470,003 (3.2%) 35–39 females: 1,429,426 (3.1%) 35–39 30–34 males: 1,436,026 (3.1%) 30–34 females: 1,391,699 (3.1%) 30–34 25–29 males: 1,386,254 (3.0%) 25–29 females: 1,343,101 (2.9%) 25–29 20–24 males: 1,264,249 (2.8%) 20–24 females: 1,217,956 (2.7%) 20–24 15–19 males: 1,110,459 (2.4%) 15–19 females: 1,059,544 (2.3%) 15–19 10–14 males: 1,076,519 (2.4%) 10–14 females: 1,024,061 (2.2%) 10–14 5–9 males: 1,057,341 (2.3%) 5–9 females: 1,004,543 (2.2%) 5–9 0–4 males: 1,015,746 (2.2%) 0–4 females: 963,140 (2.1%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

What shapes Australia’s pyramid

Australia’s pyramid tapers smoothly with few notches; its widest bands are adults aged 30–44, broadened by sustained immigration of young adults. Read the full Australia analysis.

What shapes Canada’s pyramid

Canada’s pyramid bulges twice: once for its large baby boom, now in their sixties, and again at ages 25–39, where immigration adds to boomers’ children. Read the full Canada analysis.

Explore each country in depth

Questions about Australia and Canada

Which population is older, Australia or Canada?

Canada is older: its projected 2026 median age is 40.8 years, compared with 38.5 in Australia.

Which has a higher fertility rate, Australia or Canada?

Australia has the higher total fertility rate in 2026: 1.64 births per woman, against 1.33 in Canada.

Will Australia or Canada have more people in 2050?

Under the UN medium scenario, Canada is projected to be larger in 2050, with 45.6M people against 32.5M.