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Vietnam vs Thailand: population pyramids compared

Vietnam is about 1.4 times as large as Thailand, but size is only part of the story. Compare the two age structures on one percentage scale for 2026 and 2050, with every indicator side by side.

Estimate or projection?

UN estimates run through 2023; figures from 2024 onward are medium-scenario projections.

Vietnam and Thailand in 2026

Vietnam population pyramid

2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Vietnam population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 394 (0.0%) 100+ females: 7,553 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 5,740 (0.0%) 95–99 females: 47,373 (0.0%) 95–99 90–94 males: 39,589 (0.0%) 90–94 females: 172,761 (0.2%) 90–94 85–89 males: 121,564 (0.1%) 85–89 females: 348,663 (0.3%) 85–89 80–84 males: 269,670 (0.3%) 80–84 females: 560,585 (0.5%) 80–84 75–79 males: 623,181 (0.6%) 75–79 females: 1,037,151 (1.0%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,139,297 (1.1%) 70–74 females: 1,633,511 (1.6%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,773,792 (1.7%) 65–69 females: 2,342,359 (2.3%) 65–69 60–64 males: 2,390,309 (2.3%) 60–64 females: 2,770,659 (2.7%) 60–64 55–59 males: 2,706,218 (2.6%) 55–59 females: 2,949,325 (2.9%) 55–59 50–54 males: 3,047,216 (3.0%) 50–54 females: 3,178,675 (3.1%) 50–54 45–49 males: 3,366,947 (3.3%) 45–49 females: 3,472,229 (3.4%) 45–49 40–44 males: 4,100,044 (4.0%) 40–44 females: 4,130,456 (4.0%) 40–44 35–39 males: 4,352,548 (4.3%) 35–39 females: 4,334,213 (4.2%) 35–39 30–34 males: 3,880,173 (3.8%) 30–34 females: 3,897,614 (3.8%) 30–34 25–29 males: 3,169,089 (3.1%) 25–29 females: 3,145,336 (3.1%) 25–29 20–24 males: 3,323,744 (3.3%) 20–24 females: 3,305,500 (3.2%) 20–24 15–19 males: 3,857,577 (3.8%) 15–19 females: 3,750,530 (3.7%) 15–19 10–14 males: 4,473,347 (4.4%) 10–14 females: 4,284,424 (4.2%) 10–14 5–9 males: 3,859,840 (3.8%) 5–9 females: 3,562,765 (3.5%) 5–9 0–4 males: 3,537,336 (3.5%) 0–4 females: 3,208,139 (3.1%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Thailand population pyramid

2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Thailand population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 5,588 (0.0%) 100+ females: 12,166 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 33,910 (0.0%) 95–99 females: 67,778 (0.1%) 95–99 90–94 males: 122,781 (0.2%) 90–94 females: 228,101 (0.3%) 90–94 85–89 males: 288,628 (0.4%) 85–89 females: 473,793 (0.7%) 85–89 80–84 males: 516,417 (0.7%) 80–84 females: 762,651 (1.1%) 80–84 75–79 males: 920,153 (1.3%) 75–79 females: 1,237,271 (1.7%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,386,514 (1.9%) 70–74 females: 1,741,791 (2.4%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,897,321 (2.7%) 65–69 females: 2,243,009 (3.1%) 65–69 60–64 males: 2,264,510 (3.2%) 60–64 females: 2,604,113 (3.6%) 60–64 55–59 males: 2,494,932 (3.5%) 55–59 females: 2,810,742 (3.9%) 55–59 50–54 males: 2,508,285 (3.5%) 50–54 females: 2,748,594 (3.8%) 50–54 45–49 males: 2,563,749 (3.6%) 45–49 females: 2,693,451 (3.8%) 45–49 40–44 males: 2,532,128 (3.5%) 40–44 females: 2,589,653 (3.6%) 40–44 35–39 males: 2,487,488 (3.5%) 35–39 females: 2,484,628 (3.5%) 35–39 30–34 males: 2,545,240 (3.6%) 30–34 females: 2,504,323 (3.5%) 30–34 25–29 males: 2,481,216 (3.5%) 25–29 females: 2,369,293 (3.3%) 25–29 20–24 males: 2,378,257 (3.3%) 20–24 females: 2,281,339 (3.2%) 20–24 15–19 males: 2,158,200 (3.0%) 15–19 females: 2,047,556 (2.9%) 15–19 10–14 males: 1,990,770 (2.8%) 10–14 females: 1,877,455 (2.6%) 10–14 5–9 males: 1,692,401 (2.4%) 5–9 females: 1,593,491 (2.2%) 5–9 0–4 males: 1,504,583 (2.1%) 0–4 females: 1,415,349 (2.0%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Key differences between Vietnam and Thailand

Age. Thailand is the older population, with a median age of 41.0 years against 33.9 in Vietnam — a gap of 7.1 years. Vietnam has the larger share of children (22.4% under 15 versus 14.1%), while Thailand has the larger share aged 65 and over (16.7% versus 9.9%).

Births and survival. Vietnam’s fertility rate of 1.86 is below the replacement level, and Thailand’s 1.19 is below it. Life expectancy at birth is 77.1 years in Thailand and 75.0 in Vietnam.

Dependency. The total age dependency ratio is 47.8 in Vietnam (33.2 children and 14.6 older people per 100 aged 15–64) and 44.4 in Thailand (20.3 and 24.1). Similar totals can hide very different mixes of young and old.

Outlook. Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario has Vietnam’s population grows by 8% and Thailand’s declines by 7%. These are scenario results, not forecasts; how projections work explains the assumptions.

Vietnam vs Thailand: indicators side by side

IndicatorVietnamThailand
Population, 2026102,177,43171,559,614
Median age33.9 years41.0 years
Under age 1522.4%14.1%
Aged 15–6467.7%69.2%
Aged 65+9.9%16.7%
Age dependency ratio47.844.4
Fertility rate1.861.19
Life expectancy at birth75.0 years77.1 years
Annual growth+0.6%-0.1%
Males per 100 females96.094.5
Population, 2050110,008,90866,382,735
Change, 2026–2050+7.7%-7.2%
Population, 210091,705,10845,555,065
Peak year20492022
Global population rank#16#21

2026, 2050, and 2100 values are UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium-scenario projections.

How the two pyramids could look in 2050

The same scale is kept for the projected charts, so a narrowing base or widening top can be compared directly with the 2026 shapes above.

Vietnam population pyramid

2050 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Vietnam population pyramid for 2050: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 1,437 (0.0%) 100+ females: 21,945 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 22,942 (0.0%) 95–99 females: 143,871 (0.1%) 95–99 90–94 males: 159,827 (0.1%) 90–94 females: 551,104 (0.5%) 90–94 85–89 males: 556,148 (0.5%) 85–89 females: 1,207,632 (1.1%) 85–89 80–84 males: 1,120,447 (1.0%) 80–84 females: 1,835,962 (1.7%) 80–84 75–79 males: 1,776,151 (1.6%) 75–79 females: 2,412,166 (2.2%) 75–79 70–74 males: 2,383,425 (2.2%) 70–74 females: 2,937,261 (2.7%) 70–74 65–69 males: 3,220,045 (2.9%) 65–69 females: 3,661,034 (3.3%) 65–69 60–64 males: 3,731,086 (3.4%) 60–64 females: 4,028,908 (3.7%) 60–64 55–59 males: 3,679,378 (3.3%) 55–59 females: 3,904,631 (3.5%) 55–59 50–54 males: 3,005,189 (2.7%) 50–54 females: 3,125,823 (2.8%) 50–54 45–49 males: 3,063,593 (2.8%) 45–49 females: 3,161,706 (2.9%) 45–49 40–44 males: 3,524,341 (3.2%) 40–44 females: 3,555,023 (3.2%) 40–44 35–39 males: 4,180,245 (3.8%) 35–39 females: 4,121,824 (3.7%) 35–39 30–34 males: 3,741,231 (3.4%) 30–34 females: 3,564,399 (3.2%) 30–34 25–29 males: 3,433,653 (3.1%) 25–29 females: 3,150,340 (2.9%) 25–29 20–24 males: 3,184,866 (2.9%) 20–24 females: 2,943,354 (2.7%) 20–24 15–19 males: 3,234,218 (2.9%) 15–19 females: 3,011,047 (2.7%) 15–19 10–14 males: 3,319,911 (3.0%) 10–14 females: 3,107,389 (2.8%) 10–14 5–9 males: 3,256,636 (3.0%) 5–9 females: 3,055,127 (2.8%) 5–9 0–4 males: 3,049,344 (2.8%) 0–4 females: 2,864,253 (2.6%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Thailand population pyramid

2050 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Thailand population pyramid for 2050: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 21,994 (0.0%) 100+ females: 58,641 (0.1%) 100+ 95–99 males: 116,347 (0.2%) 95–99 females: 249,936 (0.4%) 95–99 90–94 males: 389,365 (0.6%) 90–94 females: 715,807 (1.1%) 90–94 85–89 males: 837,967 (1.3%) 85–89 females: 1,358,159 (2.0%) 85–89 80–84 males: 1,327,405 (2.0%) 80–84 females: 1,945,729 (2.9%) 80–84 75–79 males: 1,676,533 (2.5%) 75–79 females: 2,241,861 (3.4%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,912,329 (2.9%) 70–74 females: 2,337,698 (3.5%) 70–74 65–69 males: 2,070,899 (3.1%) 65–69 females: 2,371,396 (3.6%) 65–69 60–64 males: 2,078,939 (3.1%) 60–64 females: 2,266,395 (3.4%) 60–64 55–59 males: 2,179,674 (3.3%) 55–59 females: 2,294,235 (3.5%) 55–59 50–54 males: 2,193,767 (3.3%) 50–54 females: 2,189,718 (3.3%) 50–54 45–49 males: 2,154,792 (3.2%) 45–49 females: 2,118,338 (3.2%) 45–49 40–44 males: 2,164,582 (3.3%) 40–44 females: 2,115,481 (3.2%) 40–44 35–39 males: 2,117,373 (3.2%) 35–39 females: 2,048,405 (3.1%) 35–39 30–34 males: 1,904,443 (2.9%) 30–34 females: 1,834,724 (2.8%) 30–34 25–29 males: 1,752,990 (2.6%) 25–29 females: 1,689,751 (2.5%) 25–29 20–24 males: 1,625,357 (2.4%) 20–24 females: 1,559,563 (2.3%) 20–24 15–19 males: 1,452,043 (2.2%) 15–19 females: 1,369,363 (2.1%) 15–19 10–14 males: 1,383,748 (2.1%) 10–14 females: 1,299,246 (2.0%) 10–14 5–9 males: 1,320,821 (2.0%) 5–9 females: 1,240,554 (1.9%) 5–9 0–4 males: 1,235,380 (1.9%) 0–4 females: 1,160,987 (1.7%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

What shapes Vietnam’s pyramid

Vietnam’s pyramid has a deep waist at ages 20–29 between two large generations, plus a surplus of boys at the base from sex-selective births. Read the full Vietnam analysis.

What shapes Thailand’s pyramid

Thailand’s pyramid is a broad, flat column from ages 25 to 64 resting on a narrowing base, the legacy of one of Asia’s fastest fertility declines. Read the full Thailand analysis.

Explore each country in depth

Questions about Vietnam and Thailand

Which population is older, Vietnam or Thailand?

Thailand is older: its projected 2026 median age is 41.0 years, compared with 33.9 in Vietnam.

Which has a higher fertility rate, Vietnam or Thailand?

Vietnam has the higher total fertility rate in 2026: 1.86 births per woman, against 1.19 in Thailand.

Will Vietnam or Thailand have more people in 2050?

Under the UN medium scenario, Vietnam is projected to be larger in 2050, with 110M people against 66.4M.