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Brazil vs Mexico: population pyramids compared

Brazil is about 1.6 times as large as Mexico, but size is only part of the story. Compare the two age structures on one percentage scale for 2026 and 2050, with every indicator side by side.

Estimate or projection?

UN estimates run through 2023; figures from 2024 onward are medium-scenario projections.

Brazil and Mexico in 2026

Brazil population pyramid

2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Brazil population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 3,465 (0.0%) 100+ females: 6,843 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 32,732 (0.0%) 95–99 females: 65,142 (0.0%) 95–99 90–94 males: 158,680 (0.1%) 90–94 females: 298,456 (0.1%) 90–94 85–89 males: 509,664 (0.2%) 85–89 females: 817,615 (0.4%) 85–89 80–84 males: 1,107,661 (0.5%) 80–84 females: 1,582,155 (0.7%) 80–84 75–79 males: 2,006,778 (0.9%) 75–79 females: 2,689,742 (1.3%) 75–79 70–74 males: 3,118,327 (1.5%) 70–74 females: 3,840,215 (1.8%) 70–74 65–69 males: 4,269,842 (2.0%) 65–69 females: 4,946,706 (2.3%) 65–69 60–64 males: 5,262,646 (2.5%) 60–64 females: 5,850,787 (2.7%) 60–64 55–59 males: 5,812,690 (2.7%) 55–59 females: 6,285,553 (2.9%) 55–59 50–54 males: 6,614,295 (3.1%) 50–54 females: 7,002,014 (3.3%) 50–54 45–49 males: 7,601,196 (3.6%) 45–49 females: 7,909,992 (3.7%) 45–49 40–44 males: 8,247,497 (3.9%) 40–44 females: 8,431,998 (3.9%) 40–44 35–39 males: 8,124,038 (3.8%) 35–39 females: 8,193,266 (3.8%) 35–39 30–34 males: 8,012,447 (3.8%) 30–34 females: 7,984,800 (3.7%) 30–34 25–29 males: 8,166,581 (3.8%) 25–29 females: 8,040,439 (3.8%) 25–29 20–24 males: 7,721,265 (3.6%) 20–24 females: 7,510,814 (3.5%) 20–24 15–19 males: 7,401,440 (3.5%) 15–19 females: 7,133,131 (3.3%) 15–19 10–14 males: 7,315,012 (3.4%) 10–14 females: 7,027,031 (3.3%) 10–14 5–9 males: 7,020,484 (3.3%) 5–9 females: 6,740,651 (3.2%) 5–9 0–4 males: 6,481,052 (3.0%) 0–4 females: 6,217,525 (2.9%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Mexico population pyramid

2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Mexico population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 3,619 (0.0%) 100+ females: 2,727 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 25,895 (0.0%) 95–99 females: 25,633 (0.0%) 95–99 90–94 males: 105,917 (0.1%) 90–94 females: 128,303 (0.1%) 90–94 85–89 males: 283,673 (0.2%) 85–89 females: 367,877 (0.3%) 85–89 80–84 males: 553,066 (0.4%) 80–84 females: 726,401 (0.5%) 80–84 75–79 males: 920,564 (0.7%) 75–79 females: 1,182,893 (0.9%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,384,166 (1.0%) 70–74 females: 1,716,805 (1.3%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,934,969 (1.5%) 65–69 females: 2,348,604 (1.8%) 65–69 60–64 males: 2,498,329 (1.9%) 60–64 females: 2,988,512 (2.2%) 60–64 55–59 males: 3,023,552 (2.3%) 55–59 females: 3,576,736 (2.7%) 55–59 50–54 males: 3,430,564 (2.6%) 50–54 females: 4,085,188 (3.1%) 50–54 45–49 males: 3,707,697 (2.8%) 45–49 females: 4,417,380 (3.3%) 45–49 40–44 males: 4,167,958 (3.1%) 40–44 females: 4,750,038 (3.6%) 40–44 35–39 males: 4,730,459 (3.6%) 35–39 females: 5,081,360 (3.8%) 35–39 30–34 males: 5,107,150 (3.8%) 30–34 females: 5,313,968 (4.0%) 30–34 25–29 males: 5,331,208 (4.0%) 25–29 females: 5,353,401 (4.0%) 25–29 20–24 males: 5,595,326 (4.2%) 20–24 females: 5,488,117 (4.1%) 20–24 15–19 males: 5,667,921 (4.3%) 15–19 females: 5,493,064 (4.1%) 15–19 10–14 males: 5,630,447 (4.2%) 10–14 females: 5,437,510 (4.1%) 10–14 5–9 males: 5,284,792 (4.0%) 5–9 females: 5,101,419 (3.8%) 5–9 0–4 males: 5,101,127 (3.8%) 0–4 females: 4,923,324 (3.7%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Key differences between Brazil and Mexico

Age. Brazil is the older population, with a median age of 35.2 years against 30.0 in Mexico — a gap of 5.2 years. Mexico has the larger share of children (23.7% under 15 versus 19.1%), while Brazil has the larger share aged 65 and over (11.9% versus 8.8%).

Births and survival. Mexico’s fertility rate of 1.85 is below the replacement level, and Brazil’s 1.59 is below it. Life expectancy at birth is 76.4 years in Brazil and 75.6 in Mexico.

Dependency. The total age dependency ratio is 45.0 in Brazil (27.7 children and 17.3 older people per 100 aged 15–64) and 48.1 in Mexico (35.1 and 13.0). Similar totals can hide very different mixes of young and old.

Outlook. Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario has Brazil’s population stays broadly stable and Mexico’s grows by 12%. These are scenario results, not forecasts; how projections work explains the assumptions.

Brazil vs Mexico: indicators side by side

IndicatorBrazilMexico
Population, 2026213,562,666132,997,658
Median age35.2 years30.0 years
Under age 1519.1%23.7%
Aged 15–6469.0%67.5%
Aged 65+11.9%8.8%
Age dependency ratio45.048.1
Fertility rate1.591.85
Life expectancy at birth76.4 years75.6 years
Annual growth+0.3%+0.8%
Males per 100 females96.794.1
Population, 2050217,489,300148,946,274
Change, 2026–2050+1.8%+12.0%
Population, 2100163,364,064130,248,836
Peak year20422058
Global population rank#7#11

2026, 2050, and 2100 values are UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium-scenario projections.

How the two pyramids could look in 2050

The same scale is kept for the projected charts, so a narrowing base or widening top can be compared directly with the 2026 shapes above.

Brazil population pyramid

2050 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Brazil population pyramid for 2050: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 23,928 (0.0%) 100+ females: 48,797 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 166,413 (0.1%) 95–99 females: 302,133 (0.1%) 95–99 90–94 males: 661,815 (0.3%) 90–94 females: 1,093,715 (0.5%) 90–94 85–89 males: 1,658,330 (0.8%) 85–89 females: 2,485,749 (1.1%) 85–89 80–84 males: 2,837,558 (1.3%) 80–84 females: 3,886,163 (1.8%) 80–84 75–79 males: 4,154,024 (1.9%) 75–79 females: 5,229,815 (2.4%) 75–79 70–74 males: 5,567,527 (2.6%) 70–74 females: 6,547,297 (3.0%) 70–74 65–69 males: 6,751,489 (3.1%) 65–69 females: 7,529,064 (3.5%) 65–69 60–64 males: 7,159,704 (3.3%) 60–64 females: 7,677,596 (3.5%) 60–64 55–59 males: 7,241,717 (3.3%) 55–59 females: 7,549,618 (3.5%) 55–59 50–54 males: 7,571,236 (3.5%) 50–54 females: 7,735,110 (3.6%) 50–54 45–49 males: 7,278,760 (3.3%) 45–49 females: 7,317,233 (3.4%) 45–49 40–44 males: 6,989,942 (3.2%) 40–44 females: 6,957,199 (3.2%) 40–44 35–39 males: 6,948,690 (3.2%) 35–39 females: 6,858,392 (3.2%) 35–39 30–34 males: 6,849,297 (3.1%) 30–34 females: 6,710,001 (3.1%) 30–34 25–29 males: 6,349,918 (2.9%) 25–29 females: 6,175,842 (2.8%) 25–29 20–24 males: 6,035,108 (2.8%) 20–24 females: 5,829,745 (2.7%) 20–24 15–19 males: 5,839,832 (2.7%) 15–19 females: 5,608,864 (2.6%) 15–19 10–14 males: 5,653,210 (2.6%) 10–14 females: 5,420,417 (2.5%) 10–14 5–9 males: 5,431,066 (2.5%) 5–9 females: 5,204,840 (2.4%) 5–9 0–4 males: 5,184,922 (2.4%) 0–4 females: 4,967,223 (2.3%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Mexico population pyramid

2050 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Mexico population pyramid for 2050: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 13,771 (0.0%) 100+ females: 13,957 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 85,907 (0.1%) 95–99 females: 108,885 (0.1%) 95–99 90–94 males: 323,647 (0.2%) 90–94 females: 462,076 (0.3%) 90–94 85–89 males: 802,073 (0.5%) 85–89 females: 1,168,980 (0.8%) 85–89 80–84 males: 1,457,140 (1.0%) 80–84 females: 2,072,101 (1.4%) 80–84 75–79 males: 2,137,466 (1.4%) 75–79 females: 2,950,044 (2.0%) 75–79 70–74 males: 2,676,968 (1.8%) 70–74 females: 3,585,961 (2.4%) 70–74 65–69 males: 3,271,321 (2.2%) 65–69 females: 4,124,743 (2.8%) 65–69 60–64 males: 3,945,516 (2.6%) 60–64 females: 4,588,352 (3.1%) 60–64 55–59 males: 4,484,824 (3.0%) 55–59 females: 4,986,710 (3.3%) 55–59 50–54 males: 4,761,824 (3.2%) 50–54 females: 5,058,775 (3.4%) 50–54 45–49 males: 5,092,503 (3.4%) 45–49 females: 5,242,734 (3.5%) 45–49 40–44 males: 5,197,825 (3.5%) 40–44 females: 5,242,682 (3.5%) 40–44 35–39 males: 5,306,869 (3.6%) 35–39 females: 5,278,981 (3.5%) 35–39 30–34 males: 5,032,533 (3.4%) 30–34 females: 4,956,330 (3.3%) 30–34 25–29 males: 4,924,882 (3.3%) 25–29 females: 4,809,998 (3.2%) 25–29 20–24 males: 4,803,931 (3.2%) 20–24 females: 4,662,823 (3.1%) 20–24 15–19 males: 4,718,331 (3.2%) 15–19 females: 4,561,364 (3.1%) 15–19 10–14 males: 4,593,856 (3.1%) 10–14 females: 4,434,153 (3.0%) 10–14 5–9 males: 4,416,099 (3.0%) 5–9 females: 4,260,215 (2.9%) 5–9 0–4 males: 4,240,288 (2.8%) 0–4 females: 4,088,831 (2.7%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

What shapes Brazil’s pyramid

Brazil’s pyramid is a bulging middle on a shrinking base: one of history’s fastest fertility falls left adults aged 25–44 as the widest bands. Read the full Brazil analysis.

What shapes Mexico’s pyramid

Mexico’s pyramid has a narrowing base and a clear shortfall of men aged 40–59, the imprint of decades of mostly male emigration to the United States. Read the full Mexico analysis.

Explore each country in depth

Questions about Brazil and Mexico

Which population is older, Brazil or Mexico?

Brazil is older: its projected 2026 median age is 35.2 years, compared with 30.0 in Mexico.

Which has a higher fertility rate, Brazil or Mexico?

Mexico has the higher total fertility rate in 2026: 1.85 births per woman, against 1.59 in Brazil.

Will Brazil or Mexico have more people in 2050?

Under the UN medium scenario, Brazil is projected to be larger in 2050, with 217.5M people against 148.9M.