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Italy vs Spain: population pyramids compared

Italy is about 1.2 times as large as Spain, but size is only part of the story. Compare the two age structures on one percentage scale for 2026 and 2050, with every indicator side by side.

Estimate or projection?

UN estimates run through 2023; figures from 2024 onward are medium-scenario projections.

Italy and Spain in 2026

Italy population pyramid

2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Italy population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 4,247 (0.0%) 100+ females: 20,059 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 48,150 (0.1%) 95–99 females: 146,788 (0.2%) 95–99 90–94 males: 231,791 (0.4%) 90–94 females: 486,585 (0.8%) 90–94 85–89 males: 620,380 (1.1%) 85–89 females: 987,058 (1.7%) 85–89 80–84 males: 941,277 (1.6%) 80–84 females: 1,258,635 (2.1%) 80–84 75–79 males: 1,398,207 (2.4%) 75–79 females: 1,677,062 (2.8%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,569,061 (2.7%) 70–74 females: 1,779,209 (3.0%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,874,976 (3.2%) 65–69 females: 2,041,126 (3.5%) 65–69 60–64 males: 2,246,557 (3.8%) 60–64 females: 2,369,215 (4.0%) 60–64 55–59 males: 2,346,735 (4.0%) 55–59 females: 2,430,818 (4.1%) 55–59 50–54 males: 2,306,702 (3.9%) 50–54 females: 2,337,677 (4.0%) 50–54 45–49 males: 2,002,656 (3.4%) 45–49 females: 1,992,025 (3.4%) 45–49 40–44 males: 1,757,873 (3.0%) 40–44 females: 1,737,104 (2.9%) 40–44 35–39 males: 1,692,622 (2.9%) 35–39 females: 1,648,109 (2.8%) 35–39 30–34 males: 1,630,926 (2.8%) 30–34 females: 1,528,767 (2.6%) 30–34 25–29 males: 1,624,822 (2.8%) 25–29 females: 1,472,488 (2.5%) 25–29 20–24 males: 1,590,408 (2.7%) 20–24 females: 1,498,841 (2.5%) 20–24 15–19 males: 1,486,395 (2.5%) 15–19 females: 1,402,701 (2.4%) 15–19 10–14 males: 1,314,886 (2.2%) 10–14 females: 1,242,326 (2.1%) 10–14 5–9 males: 1,136,595 (1.9%) 5–9 females: 1,074,789 (1.8%) 5–9 0–4 males: 1,013,533 (1.7%) 0–4 females: 955,984 (1.6%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Spain population pyramid

2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Spain population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 3,542 (0.0%) 100+ females: 14,117 (0.0%) 100+ 95–99 males: 37,859 (0.1%) 95–99 females: 108,552 (0.2%) 95–99 90–94 males: 171,118 (0.4%) 90–94 females: 363,202 (0.8%) 90–94 85–89 males: 351,132 (0.7%) 85–89 females: 584,325 (1.2%) 85–89 80–84 males: 645,756 (1.3%) 80–84 females: 897,549 (1.9%) 80–84 75–79 males: 907,906 (1.9%) 75–79 females: 1,134,121 (2.4%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,114,025 (2.3%) 70–74 females: 1,283,294 (2.7%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,421,812 (3.0%) 65–69 females: 1,566,666 (3.3%) 65–69 60–64 males: 1,703,947 (3.6%) 60–64 females: 1,784,266 (3.7%) 60–64 55–59 males: 1,853,286 (3.9%) 55–59 females: 1,869,671 (3.9%) 55–59 50–54 males: 2,001,831 (4.2%) 50–54 females: 1,955,259 (4.1%) 50–54 45–49 males: 1,962,223 (4.1%) 45–49 females: 1,919,102 (4.0%) 45–49 40–44 males: 1,612,035 (3.4%) 40–44 females: 1,600,370 (3.3%) 40–44 35–39 males: 1,424,157 (3.0%) 35–39 females: 1,410,658 (2.9%) 35–39 30–34 males: 1,309,771 (2.7%) 30–34 females: 1,277,243 (2.7%) 30–34 25–29 males: 1,266,806 (2.6%) 25–29 females: 1,208,429 (2.5%) 25–29 20–24 males: 1,336,680 (2.8%) 20–24 females: 1,271,940 (2.7%) 20–24 15–19 males: 1,326,375 (2.8%) 15–19 females: 1,252,407 (2.6%) 15–19 10–14 males: 1,174,705 (2.5%) 10–14 females: 1,108,687 (2.3%) 10–14 5–9 males: 984,128 (2.1%) 5–9 females: 933,968 (2.0%) 5–9 0–4 males: 873,232 (1.8%) 0–4 females: 824,640 (1.7%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Key differences between Italy and Spain

Age. Italy is the older population, with a median age of 48.6 years against 46.3 in Spain — a gap of 2.3 years. Spain has the larger share of children (12.3% under 15 versus 11.4%), while Italy has the larger share aged 65 and over (25.6% versus 22.2%).

Births and survival. Spain’s fertility rate of 1.24 is below the replacement level, and Italy’s 1.22 is below it. Life expectancy at birth is 84.2 years in Italy and 84.1 in Spain.

Dependency. The total age dependency ratio is 58.8 in Italy (18.2 children and 40.7 older people per 100 aged 15–64) and 52.7 in Spain (18.8 and 33.8). Similar totals can hide very different mixes of young and old.

Outlook. Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario has Italy’s population declines by 12% and Spain’s declines by 6%. These are scenario results, not forecasts; how projections work explains the assumptions.

Italy vs Spain: indicators side by side

IndicatorItalySpain
Population, 202658,926,16647,850,793
Median age48.6 years46.3 years
Under age 1511.4%12.3%
Aged 15–6463.0%65.5%
Aged 65+25.6%22.2%
Age dependency ratio58.852.7
Fertility rate1.221.24
Life expectancy at birth84.2 years84.1 years
Annual growth-0.4%-0.1%
Males per 100 females95.996.4
Population, 205051,891,09844,928,558
Change, 2026–2050-11.9%-6.1%
Population, 210035,376,82133,127,478
Peak year20142023
Global population rank#25#34

2026, 2050, and 2100 values are UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium-scenario projections.

How the two pyramids could look in 2050

The same scale is kept for the projected charts, so a narrowing base or widening top can be compared directly with the 2026 shapes above.

Italy population pyramid

2050 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Italy population pyramid for 2050: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 15,075 (0.0%) 100+ females: 44,056 (0.1%) 100+ 95–99 males: 121,306 (0.2%) 95–99 females: 259,966 (0.5%) 95–99 90–94 males: 486,915 (0.9%) 90–94 females: 800,010 (1.5%) 90–94 85–89 males: 1,123,257 (2.2%) 85–89 females: 1,522,854 (2.9%) 85–89 80–84 males: 1,649,608 (3.2%) 80–84 females: 1,984,945 (3.8%) 80–84 75–79 males: 1,898,124 (3.7%) 75–79 females: 2,117,051 (4.1%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,821,041 (3.5%) 70–74 females: 1,920,011 (3.7%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,656,697 (3.2%) 65–69 females: 1,689,551 (3.3%) 65–69 60–64 males: 1,580,113 (3.0%) 60–64 females: 1,573,115 (3.0%) 60–64 55–59 males: 1,552,899 (3.0%) 55–59 females: 1,476,259 (2.8%) 55–59 50–54 males: 1,505,446 (2.9%) 50–54 females: 1,352,473 (2.6%) 50–54 45–49 males: 1,514,734 (2.9%) 45–49 females: 1,409,068 (2.7%) 45–49 40–44 males: 1,588,406 (3.1%) 40–44 females: 1,483,239 (2.9%) 40–44 35–39 males: 1,488,030 (2.9%) 35–39 females: 1,388,393 (2.7%) 35–39 30–34 males: 1,346,215 (2.6%) 30–34 females: 1,258,359 (2.4%) 30–34 25–29 males: 1,246,825 (2.4%) 25–29 females: 1,163,289 (2.2%) 25–29 20–24 males: 1,151,574 (2.2%) 20–24 females: 1,077,108 (2.1%) 20–24 15–19 males: 1,018,073 (2.0%) 15–19 females: 953,159 (1.8%) 15–19 10–14 males: 1,005,304 (1.9%) 10–14 females: 942,681 (1.8%) 10–14 5–9 males: 986,889 (1.9%) 5–9 females: 927,326 (1.8%) 5–9 0–4 males: 922,329 (1.8%) 0–4 females: 869,328 (1.7%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

Spain population pyramid

2050 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex

Medium projection
Spain population pyramid for 2050: males on the left and females on the right Male share Female share 100+ males: 11,092 (0.0%) 100+ females: 34,204 (0.1%) 100+ 95–99 males: 88,913 (0.2%) 95–99 females: 209,206 (0.5%) 95–99 90–94 males: 365,743 (0.8%) 90–94 females: 665,663 (1.5%) 90–94 85–89 males: 826,300 (1.8%) 85–89 females: 1,215,464 (2.7%) 85–89 80–84 males: 1,242,845 (2.8%) 80–84 females: 1,567,635 (3.5%) 80–84 75–79 males: 1,556,280 (3.5%) 75–79 females: 1,760,169 (3.9%) 75–79 70–74 males: 1,714,409 (3.8%) 70–74 females: 1,841,443 (4.1%) 70–74 65–69 males: 1,510,409 (3.4%) 65–69 females: 1,591,324 (3.5%) 65–69 60–64 males: 1,342,197 (3.0%) 60–64 females: 1,391,107 (3.1%) 60–64 55–59 males: 1,249,126 (2.8%) 55–59 females: 1,256,410 (2.8%) 55–59 50–54 males: 1,167,935 (2.6%) 50–54 females: 1,148,993 (2.6%) 50–54 45–49 males: 1,265,437 (2.8%) 45–49 females: 1,234,720 (2.7%) 45–49 40–44 males: 1,405,236 (3.1%) 40–44 females: 1,377,797 (3.1%) 40–44 35–39 males: 1,313,908 (2.9%) 35–39 females: 1,288,823 (2.9%) 35–39 30–34 males: 1,173,057 (2.6%) 30–34 females: 1,158,891 (2.6%) 30–34 25–29 males: 1,061,338 (2.4%) 25–29 females: 1,048,926 (2.3%) 25–29 20–24 males: 989,644 (2.2%) 20–24 females: 965,917 (2.1%) 20–24 15–19 males: 879,415 (2.0%) 15–19 females: 843,590 (1.9%) 15–19 10–14 males: 889,370 (2.0%) 10–14 females: 846,779 (1.9%) 10–14 5–9 males: 903,797 (2.0%) 5–9 females: 856,150 (1.9%) 5–9 0–4 males: 859,787 (1.9%) 0–4 females: 809,107 (1.8%) 0–4 10%5% Age 5%10%

What shapes Italy’s pyramid

Italy’s pyramid is widest in its fifties and sixties: a large 1960s baby-boom generation sits on top of four decades of very low fertility. Read the full Italy analysis.

What shapes Spain’s pyramid

Spain’s pyramid is widest at ages 45–54, the late baby boom of the 1970s, and narrows sharply below 45 after one of Europe’s steepest fertility falls. Read the full Spain analysis.

Explore each country in depth

Questions about Italy and Spain

Which population is older, Italy or Spain?

Italy is older: its projected 2026 median age is 48.6 years, compared with 46.3 in Spain.

Which has a higher fertility rate, Italy or Spain?

Spain has the higher total fertility rate in 2026: 1.24 births per woman, against 1.22 in Italy.

Will Italy or Spain have more people in 2050?

Under the UN medium scenario, Italy is projected to be larger in 2050, with 51.9M people against 44.9M.