Spain population pyramid 2026
47,850,793 people in 2026 (projected). Spain’s pyramid is widest at ages 45–54, the late baby boom of the 1970s, and narrows sharply below 45 after one of Europe’s steepest fertility falls.
- 2026 population
- 47.9Mrank 34 of 237
- Median age
- 46.3 yearsoldest rank 14
- Fertility rate
- 1.24births per woman · below replacement
- Structure
- Older22.2% age 65+
Spain population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
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The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Spain age distribution in 2026
Children under 15 account for 12.3% of the population, while 22.2% are aged 65 or older. The remaining 65.5% are in the conventional working-age range of 15–64. On these shares, the site classifies Spain’s age structure as older; the guide to constrictive population pyramids explains what that shape implies.
The total age dependency ratio is 52.7: about 53 people under 15 or 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64 (18.8 children and 33.8 older people). This is an age-balance indicator, not a literal count of economic dependants per worker.
What shapes Spain’s population pyramid
A baby boom that came late
Spain’s postwar baby boom arrived later than in most of western Europe and peaked in the mid-1970s, when fertility was still close to 2.8 children per woman and annual births reached their historical high. The people born in 1972–81 are aged 45–54 in 2026, and they form the two widest bands of the pyramid. Above them the bands narrow steadily toward the smaller cohorts born in the 1940s and 1950s, now aged 65–84, with women increasingly outnumbering men at the top.
An older scar is visible in earlier charts. In 1975 the 35–39 band, born in 1936–40, is narrower than both of its neighbors because births fell during the Civil War; in the Spain 2000 pyramid the same hollow cohort sits at ages 60–64. By 2026 these cohorts are in their late eighties, where mortality has largely erased the notch.
From boom to very low fertility in two decades
From the late 1970s fertility fell abruptly, to about 1.2 children per woman by the late 1990s, one of the lowest levels recorded anywhere at the time. The result is the sharp undercut below age 45: the 25–29 and 30–34 bands, born in 1992–2001, are less than two-thirds as wide as the 50–54 band.
The 15–24 bands are slightly wider than those immediately above them. People born in 2002–11 benefited from a modest rise in births during the 2000s, a period when large-scale immigration lifted Spain’s population from about 41 million in 2000 to nearly 47 million in 2010 and added young families. Births fell again after the 2008 financial crisis, and the 0–4 band is now narrower than every band up to age 79. The Italy vs Spain comparison shows how closely the two countries’ trajectories run, and the general shape is described in constrictive population pyramids. Spain also appears near the top of the lowest fertility rates ranking.
Under the UN medium scenario Spain’s population falls to about 44.9 million by 2050, when the 1970s boom cohorts will be in their seventies and the median age will be close to 52.
What to notice across the years
Distinctive cohorts and turning points
No five-year band under age 80 is more than 10% larger or smaller than both of its neighbours, so Spain’s 2026 pyramid has a comparatively smooth profile without sharp bulges or notches.
Deaths have exceeded births every year since 2015. People aged 65 and older came to outnumber children under 15 between 1995 and 2000.
Births, deaths, and migration
A pyramid changes in only three ways: births add to the base, deaths remove people at every age, and migration adds or removes people mainly in young adulthood. In 2026, Spain is projected to record 327,412 births (about 896 births a day) and 460,482 deaths, a natural decrease of 133,070. Net migration adds +85,305 people, ranking #56 in the net migration rate ranking.
Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates 10,069,282 births, 9,640,327 deaths, and cumulative net migration of +6,576,641. Over that period migration moved the total more than the balance of births and deaths did. See how migration shapes a pyramid and birth rate versus fertility rate. The medium scenario assumes net migration of +1,613,782 between 2026 and 2050.
Annual values 1950–2100; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection. The trend table below lists the values by decade.
Life expectancy and mortality
- Life expectancy, women
- 86.7 years64.1 in 1950
- Life expectancy, men
- 81.4 years59.3 in 1950
- Further years at 65
- 21.9 yearsboth sexes
- Infant mortality
- 2.1per 1,000 births · 75 in 1950
- Under-five mortality
- 2.7per 1,000 births
- Mother’s mean age at birth
- 32.5 yearssex ratio at birth 106.6
Women in Spain are projected to live 5.3 years longer than men, which is why the female side of the pyramid widens relative to the other at older ages (see the life expectancy gap ranking). Infant mortality has fallen from 75 to 2.1 deaths per 1,000 live births since 1950, ranking #220 of 237 in the infant mortality ranking (highest first). A mean age at childbearing of 32.5 years sets the spacing between generations, and so how far apart echo cohorts sit in the pyramid.
Median age, fertility rate, and global ranks for Spain
The median age of 46.3 years splits the population into two equal halves. A total fertility rate of 1.24 births per woman is below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, and life expectancy at birth is 84.1 years.
These ranks compare all 237 countries and areas in this dataset using the same 2026 UN medium projection. Ranks use the stored source precision, so displayed rounding can make adjacent values look identical; small differences should not be overinterpreted.
| Indicator | 2026 value | Global rank | Ranking direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 47,850,793 | #34 | Largest first |
| Median age | 46.3 years | #14 | Oldest first |
| Fertility rate | 1.24 | #214 | Highest first |
| Annual growth | -0.1% | #181 | Fastest first |
| Life expectancy | 84.1 years | #12 | Highest first |
| Population aged 65+ | 22.2% | #27 | Highest share first |
Largest age groups in Spain
The five largest cohorts identify where the 2026 population is concentrated. They can reflect past birth patterns, survival, and migration; the chart alone does not establish which cause dominates.
| Rank | Age group | Population | Share of total | Male / female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 50–54 | 3,957,090 | 8.3% | 2M / 2M |
| 2 | 45–49 | 3,881,325 | 8.1% | 2M / 1.9M |
| 3 | 55–59 | 3,722,957 | 7.8% | 1.9M / 1.9M |
| 4 | 60–64 | 3,488,213 | 7.3% | 1.7M / 1.8M |
| 5 | 40–44 | 3,212,405 | 6.7% | 1.6M / 1.6M |
Sex ratio and the balance by age
In the 2026 projection, Spain has 23,482,325 males and 24,368,467 females. That is 96.4 males per 100 females, ranking #164 when the dataset is ordered from the highest male-to-female ratio to the lowest.
Males account for 49.1% of the population and females for 50.9%. There are 886,142 more females than males overall. Among people aged 65 and older, the ratio is 78.2 males per 100 females.
The overall balance can conceal large differences by age; how sex ratios change with age explains the usual pattern. The ratio reflects the male/female categories in the UN source and is not a measure of gender identity. Compare all profiles in the sex-ratio ranking.
At birth, 106.6 boys are projected to be born for every 100 girls in 2026, close to the biological norm of about 105 (compare the sex ratio at birth ranking). The ratio at birth sets the balance at the base of the pyramid; how it changes with age then depends on survival and migration.
How Spain has changed since 1950
The population has increased from 28,077,049 in 1950 to 47,850,793 in 2026, a change of 70%. Over the same span, median age moved from 26.5 to 46.3 years.
The under-15 share changed from 26.5% to 12.3%, while the share aged 65 and older changed from 7.2% to 22.2%. These shifts show why total population growth and age-structure change need to be read separately. See the Spain population pyramid in 1950 for the full starting shape.
How the population could change by 2050
Under the UN medium scenario, Spain’s population is projected to decline by about 6%, reaching 44,928,558 in 2050. The median age changes from 46.3 to 51.8 years.
The 65+ share is projected to rise by 13.9 percentage points to 36.1%. At the same time, the under-15 share is projected at 11.5%. The Spain population pyramid for 2050 shows the projected shape in detail. How UN projections work explains the assumptions behind these figures.
The annual UN series reaches its highest estimated population of 47,911,580 in 2023. Historical population totals are estimates rather than exact head counts. Compare timing across countries in the population peak ranking.
Population trend: 1950–2100
Mid-year population for every year. Estimates through 2023; dashed line shows the UN medium projection.
| Year | Population | Median age | Fertility | Life exp. | Births | Deaths | Net migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 28,077,049 | 26.5 | 2.47 | 61.8 | 562,979 | 310,446 | −129,562 | +0.4% |
| 1960 | 30,404,939 | 28.4 | 2.81 | 69.2 | 666,956 | 268,368 | −154,869 | +0.8% |
| 1970 | 33,812,723 | 29.1 | 2.88 | 72.1 | 661,752 | 282,344 | −60,580 | +0.9% |
| 1980 | 37,537,564 | 29.8 | 2.21 | 75.5 | 571,317 | 286,119 | +20,166 | +0.8% |
| 1990 | 39,084,979 | 32.5 | 1.36 | 77.0 | 406,392 | 330,424 | −30,684 | +0.1% |
| 2000 | 41,019,774 | 36.3 | 1.21 | 79.4 | 399,049 | 356,197 | +176,269 | +0.5% |
| 2010 | 46,840,472 | 39.2 | 1.37 | 82.0 | 481,432 | 379,015 | +69,406 | +0.4% |
| 2020 | 47,679,489 | 43.5 | 1.19 | 82.2 | 343,355 | 495,378 | +236,854 | +0.2% |
| 2023 | 47,911,580 | 44.9 | 1.21 | 83.7 | 336,821 | 447,463 | +119,099 | +0.0% |
| 2024* | 47,910,526 | 45.4 | 1.22 | 83.8 | 333,155 | 455,404 | +111,674 | -0.0% |
| 2026* | 47,850,793 | 46.3 | 1.24 | 84.1 | 327,412 | 460,482 | +85,305 | -0.1% |
| 2030* | 47,610,520 | 48.0 | 1.26 | 84.6 | 320,841 | 471,338 | +67,475 | -0.2% |
| 2040* | 46,591,674 | 51.0 | 1.32 | 85.9 | 343,441 | 525,644 | +56,021 | -0.3% |
| 2050* | 44,928,558 | 51.8 | 1.36 | 87.1 | 317,740 | 598,105 | +68,276 | -0.5% |
| 2060* | 42,210,838 | 52.0 | 1.39 | 88.4 | 281,441 | 652,912 | +60,169 | -0.7% |
| 2070* | 39,035,769 | 52.7 | 1.43 | 89.5 | 283,806 | 632,250 | +47,232 | -0.8% |
| 2080* | 36,524,535 | 51.6 | 1.46 | 90.7 | 280,207 | 523,816 | +43,951 | -0.6% |
| 2090* | 34,774,237 | 51.4 | 1.47 | 91.8 | 254,701 | 448,553 | +28,138 | -0.5% |
| 2100* | 33,127,478 | 52.2 | 1.48 | 92.9 | 244,706 | 450,706 | +28,582 | -0.5% |
* 2024 onward is the UN medium projection. Fertility is births per woman; life expectancy is years at birth; births, deaths, and net migration are counts for that calendar year.
Download every year, 1950–2100 (CSV)
2026 population by age and sex
The table provides the counts behind the chart. Age groups are five-year bands, with everyone aged 100 or older combined.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 873,232 | 824,640 | 1,697,872 | 3.5% |
| 5–9 | 984,128 | 933,968 | 1,918,096 | 4.0% |
| 10–14 | 1,174,705 | 1,108,687 | 2,283,392 | 4.8% |
| 15–19 | 1,326,375 | 1,252,407 | 2,578,782 | 5.4% |
| 20–24 | 1,336,680 | 1,271,940 | 2,608,620 | 5.5% |
| 25–29 | 1,266,806 | 1,208,429 | 2,475,235 | 5.2% |
| 30–34 | 1,309,771 | 1,277,243 | 2,587,014 | 5.4% |
| 35–39 | 1,424,157 | 1,410,658 | 2,834,815 | 5.9% |
| 40–44 | 1,612,035 | 1,600,370 | 3,212,405 | 6.7% |
| 45–49 | 1,962,223 | 1,919,102 | 3,881,325 | 8.1% |
| 50–54 | 2,001,831 | 1,955,259 | 3,957,090 | 8.3% |
| 55–59 | 1,853,286 | 1,869,671 | 3,722,957 | 7.8% |
| 60–64 | 1,703,947 | 1,784,266 | 3,488,213 | 7.3% |
| 65–69 | 1,421,812 | 1,566,666 | 2,988,478 | 6.2% |
| 70–74 | 1,114,025 | 1,283,294 | 2,397,319 | 5.0% |
| 75–79 | 907,906 | 1,134,121 | 2,042,027 | 4.3% |
| 80–84 | 645,756 | 897,549 | 1,543,305 | 3.2% |
| 85–89 | 351,132 | 584,325 | 935,457 | 2.0% |
| 90–94 | 171,118 | 363,202 | 534,320 | 1.1% |
| 95–99 | 37,859 | 108,552 | 146,411 | 0.3% |
| 100+ | 3,542 | 14,117 | 17,659 | 0.0% |
Countries with the most similar age structure
These profiles have the 2026 age distributions closest to Spain’s, measured by the total difference in the share of the population in each five-year band. Similar shapes can arise from very different histories, so the match is a starting point for comparison, not an explanation.
- Greece97% overlap · median age 47.1
- Bermuda96% overlap · median age 46.4
- Slovenia96% overlap · median age 45.0
- Isle of Man96% overlap · median age 46.3
- Portugal96% overlap · median age 47.2
- Jersey96% overlap · median age 43.9
Compare Spain with other countries
Side-by-side pages put two pyramids on the same percentage scale, with a full indicator table and the projected change to 2050.
To calculate school-age, working-age, or older groups with other boundaries, use the age-group calculator for Spain.
Use this chart in your work
Charts and tables may be reused with attribution. Please link to this page and credit the United Nations as the data source.
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APA
World Population Pyramid. (2026, October 19). Spain Population Pyramid 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/spain/
MLA
“Spain Population Pyramid 2026.” World Population Pyramid, 19 Oct. 2026, worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/spain/.
Chicago
World Population Pyramid. “Spain Population Pyramid 2026.” Last modified October 19, 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/spain/.
Underlying data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Spain in 2026?
Under the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium scenario, Spain's population in 2026 is projected at 47,850,793.
What is the median age in Spain?
The projected median age in Spain in 2026 is 46.3 years: half the population is younger and half is older.
What is the fertility rate in Spain?
The projected total fertility rate in 2026 is 1.24 births per woman, below the replacement level of about 2.1 in low-mortality populations.
Is Spain's population projected to grow?
Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario indicates the population will decline by about 6%, from 47.9M to 44.9M.
What share of Spain is aged 65 or older?
In 2026, 22.2% of the projected population is aged 65 or older. By 2050, the medium scenario places the share at 36.1%.
How many babies are born in Spain each year?
The UN medium scenario projects 327,412 births and 460,482 deaths in 2026, about 896 births a day. Deaths exceed births by 133,070.
What is life expectancy in Spain for men and women?
Life expectancy at birth in 2026 is projected at 86.7 years for women and 81.4 years for men, a gap of 5.3 years in favour of women.
Does Spain have more immigrants or emigrants?
Spain is projected to gain about 85,305 more people through migration than it loses in 2026. Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates cumulative net migration of +6,576,641.
What is the sex ratio in Spain?
The projected 2026 population sex ratio is 96.4 males per 100 females. This all-age ratio is different from the sex ratio at birth and can vary substantially by age.
Sources and notes
- United Nations, DESA, Population Division: World Population Prospects 2024, medium scenario.
- Population values are mid-year figures. Source values published in thousands are converted to people; displayed figures may imply more precision than is appropriate for planning.
- Historical values through 2023 are estimates. Values from 2024 onward are projections.
- Calculations follow the site methodology.