Largest population
Uzbekistan has 37,724,223 people in the 2026 medium projection.
Central Asia population pyramid 2026
84,923,544 people in 2026 (projected), a UN subregion of Asia with 5 countries and areas.
- 2026 population
- 84.9Mmedium projection
- Median age
- 26.8 years
- Under age 15
- 31.3%
- Age 65+
- 6.7%
Central Asia population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
Medium projection
Central Asia population pyramid for 2026: males on the left and females on the right
100+
95–99
90–94
85–89
80–84
75–79
70–74
65–69
60–64
55–59
50–54
45–49
40–44
35–39
30–34
25–29
20–24
15–19
10–14
5–9
0–4
Hover over or tap a bar to see exact values.
Estimate or projection?
The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Central Asia age structure
In 2026, children under 15 make up 31.3% of Central Asia’s projected population, compared with 6.7% aged 65 or older. The conventional working-age group, 15–64, accounts for 62.1%.
By 2050, the medium scenario places the population at 113,612,322—a 34% increase from 2026. The 65+ share is projected to reach 10.8%.
Births, deaths, and migration in Central Asia
The subregion is projected to record 1,843,639 births and 513,902 deaths in 2026, a natural increase of 1,329,737, with net migration of −25,698. Births outnumber deaths in every remaining year of the medium scenario through 2100. Between 2000 and 2023, cumulative net migration was −1,120,893.
Annual values; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection.
Mid-year population for every year; the medium scenario reaches 113.6M in 2050.
Demographic contrasts within Central Asia
A regional pyramid is an aggregate, not a description of every country. The profiles within Central Asia range from a median age of 22.4 years in Tajikistan to 29.7 years in Kazakhstan. Those age structures imply different balances of schools, working-age cohorts, and older-age services.
Youngest median age
Tajikistan has a median age of 22.4 years and 35.4% under 15.
Fastest 2026 growth
Uzbekistan has projected annual growth of +1.8%.
Countries and areas in Central Asia
| Rank | Country or area | 2026 population | Median age | Under 15 | 65+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Uzbekistan | 37,724,223 | 27.0 | 31.5% | 6.3% |
| 2 | Kazakhstan | 21,083,626 | 29.7 | 28.9% | 9.3% |
| 3 | Tajikistan | 10,978,598 | 22.4 | 35.4% | 4.3% |
| 4 | Turkmenistan | 7,736,632 | 27.3 | 30.8% | 5.1% |
| 5 | Kyrgyzstan | 7,400,464 | 25.5 | 31.4% | 6.3% |
Source and interpretation
Regional age groups and totals come directly from the UN WPP 2024 medium series. Country groupings follow the UN M49 regions and subregions used in the source; territories and statistical areas may appear separately. Projection results depend on future fertility, mortality, and migration assumptions.
Questions about Central Asia
What is the population of Central Asia in 2026?
The UN WPP 2024 medium scenario projects Central Asia's 2026 population at 84,923,544.
Which is the most populous country or area in Central Asia?
Uzbekistan is the largest profile in this regional directory, with a projected 2026 population of 37,724,223.
Is Central Asia's population projected to grow by 2050?
The medium scenario shows a 33.8% increase between 2026 and 2050.