Finland population pyramid 2026
5,621,739 people in 2026 (projected). Finland’s pyramid is shaped by a short, sharp post-war baby boom born 1946–50 and by a steep fall in fertility since 2010, from 1.86 to 1.28.
- 2026 population
- 5.6Mrank 122 of 237
- Median age
- 43.4 yearsoldest rank 36
- Fertility rate
- 1.30births per woman · below replacement
- Structure
- Older24.5% age 65+
Finland population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
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The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Finland age distribution in 2026
Children under 15 account for 14.0% of the population, while 24.5% are aged 65 or older. The remaining 61.4% are in the conventional working-age range of 15–64. On these shares, the site classifies Finland’s age structure as older; the guide to constrictive population pyramids explains what that shape implies.
The total age dependency ratio is 62.7: about 63 people under 15 or 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64 (22.8 children and 39.9 older people). This is an age-balance indicator, not a literal count of economic dependants per worker.
What shapes Finland’s population pyramid
An abrupt baby boom
Finland fought the Soviet Union in the Winter War of 1939–40 and again in 1941–44, and the 1950 pyramid carries both the losses and the rebound. Men aged 25–34 are noticeably fewer than women, and the 0–4 band, born about 1946–50 after demobilisation, is about 39% larger than the 5–9 band born during the fighting. The boom was intense but short: by 1960 fertility was down to about 2.7, and by 1970 it was below replacement. The cohort born 1946–50 therefore stands out as an unusually sharp step, first at ages 25–29 in 1975, then at 50–54 in 2000, when it was over 40% larger than the 55–59 band.
In 2026 those baby boomers are aged 75–79, and their band, about 319,000 people, is much wider than the 80–84 band above it. Their passage into the oldest ages is a major reason Finland has one of the larger shares of people aged 65 and over in Europe, about a quarter of the population, and why it appears high in the older population share ranking.
From emigration to immigration, and the recent birth fall
In the 1960s and early 1970s many Finns moved to Sweden for work, and net migration between 1950 and 1999 was a loss of about 160,000. The flow has since reversed, with a net gain of about 380,000 between 2000 and 2023.
The newest feature of the pyramid is at its base. Fertility held between about 1.6 and 1.9 for four decades and was about 1.86 in 2010, but then fell rapidly to about 1.3, some 30% lower; the lowest fertility rates ranking shows how that level compares internationally. The 0–4 band in 2026 is about a quarter smaller than the 10–14 band. Deaths have exceeded births since 2016, and in 2026 they outnumber them by roughly 17,000, a gap only partly offset by migration. The age structure today most resembles those of Belgium, Guernsey, Canada, France and Sweden.
Under the medium scenario Finland’s population peaked in 2025 at about 5.62 million and falls to about 5.35 million in 2050 and 4.6 million in 2100.
What to notice across the years
Distinctive cohorts and turning points
No five-year band under age 80 is more than 10% larger or smaller than both of its neighbours, so Finland’s 2026 pyramid has a comparatively smooth profile without sharp bulges or notches.
Deaths have exceeded births every year since 2016. People aged 65 and older came to outnumber children under 15 between 2005 and 2010.
Births, deaths, and migration
A pyramid changes in only three ways: births add to the base, deaths remove people at every age, and migration adds or removes people mainly in young adulthood. In 2026, Finland is projected to record 43,863 births (about 120 births a day) and 61,221 deaths, a natural decrease of 17,358. Net migration adds +12,666 people, ranking #46 in the net migration rate ranking.
Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates 1,305,834 births, 1,248,759 deaths, and cumulative net migration of +383,652. Over that period migration moved the total more than the balance of births and deaths did. See how migration shapes a pyramid and birth rate versus fertility rate. The medium scenario assumes net migration of +289,420 between 2026 and 2050.
Annual values 1950–2100; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection. The trend table below lists the values by decade.
Life expectancy and mortality
- Life expectancy, women
- 85.0 years67.9 in 1950
- Life expectancy, men
- 79.8 years60.4 in 1950
- Further years at 65
- 20.7 yearsboth sexes
- Infant mortality
- 1.6per 1,000 births · 42 in 1950
- Under-five mortality
- 2.1per 1,000 births
- Mother’s mean age at birth
- 31.7 yearssex ratio at birth 105.2
Women in Finland are projected to live 5.2 years longer than men, which is why the female side of the pyramid widens relative to the other at older ages (see the life expectancy gap ranking). Infant mortality has fallen from 42 to 1.6 deaths per 1,000 live births since 1950, ranking #230 of 237 in the infant mortality ranking (highest first). A mean age at childbearing of 31.7 years sets the spacing between generations, and so how far apart echo cohorts sit in the pyramid.
Median age, fertility rate, and global ranks for Finland
The median age of 43.4 years splits the population into two equal halves. A total fertility rate of 1.30 births per woman is below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, and life expectancy at birth is 82.4 years.
These ranks compare all 237 countries and areas in this dataset using the same 2026 UN medium projection. Ranks use the stored source precision, so displayed rounding can make adjacent values look identical; small differences should not be overinterpreted.
| Indicator | 2026 value | Global rank | Ranking direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 5,621,739 | #122 | Largest first |
| Median age | 43.4 years | #36 | Oldest first |
| Fertility rate | 1.30 | #212 | Highest first |
| Annual growth | -0.1% | #178 | Fastest first |
| Life expectancy | 82.4 years | #39 | Highest first |
| Population aged 65+ | 24.5% | #12 | Highest share first |
Largest age groups in Finland
The five largest cohorts identify where the 2026 population is concentrated. They can reflect past birth patterns, survival, and migration; the chart alone does not establish which cause dominates.
| Rank | Age group | Population | Share of total | Male / female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 40–44 | 370,830 | 6.6% | 191.7K / 179.2K |
| 2 | 35–39 | 366,031 | 6.5% | 189.4K / 176.7K |
| 3 | 60–64 | 363,566 | 6.5% | 179.7K / 183.9K |
| 4 | 30–34 | 360,056 | 6.4% | 185.9K / 174.2K |
| 5 | 45–49 | 354,674 | 6.3% | 181.9K / 172.8K |
Sex ratio and the balance by age
In the 2026 projection, Finland has 2,781,175 males and 2,840,563 females. That is 97.9 males per 100 females, ranking #127 when the dataset is ordered from the highest male-to-female ratio to the lowest.
Males account for 49.5% of the population and females for 50.5%. There are 59,388 more females than males overall. Among people aged 65 and older, the ratio is 80.0 males per 100 females.
The overall balance can conceal large differences by age; how sex ratios change with age explains the usual pattern. The ratio reflects the male/female categories in the UN source and is not a measure of gender identity. Compare all profiles in the sex-ratio ranking.
At birth, 105.2 boys are projected to be born for every 100 girls in 2026, close to the biological norm of about 105 (compare the sex ratio at birth ranking). The ratio at birth sets the balance at the base of the pyramid; how it changes with age then depends on survival and migration.
How Finland has changed since 1950
The population has increased from 4,008,407 in 1950 to 5,621,739 in 2026, a change of 40%. Over the same span, median age moved from 26.7 to 43.4 years.
The under-15 share changed from 29.8% to 14.0%, while the share aged 65 and older changed from 6.6% to 24.5%. These shifts show why total population growth and age-structure change need to be read separately.
How the population could change by 2050
Under the UN medium scenario, Finland’s population is projected to decline by about 5%, reaching 5,351,645 in 2050. The median age changes from 43.4 to 46.5 years.
The 65+ share is projected to rise by 3.7 percentage points to 28.2%. At the same time, the under-15 share is projected at 13.1%. How UN projections work explains the assumptions behind these figures.
The annual UN series reaches its highest projected population of 5,623,330 in 2025. That turning point depends on the medium scenario and may move in later revisions. Compare timing across countries in the population peak ranking.
Population trend: 1950–2100
Mid-year population for every year. Estimates through 2023; dashed line shows the UN medium projection.
| Year | Population | Median age | Fertility | Life exp. | Births | Deaths | Net migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 4,008,407 | 26.7 | 3.15 | 64.2 | 98,369 | 42,536 | −12,283 | +1.1% |
| 1960 | 4,429,624 | 27.4 | 2.72 | 69.0 | 82,284 | 39,728 | −9,489 | +0.8% |
| 1970 | 4,606,305 | 28.6 | 1.82 | 70.3 | 64,856 | 44,038 | −36,579 | -0.3% |
| 1980 | 4,779,350 | 31.8 | 1.63 | 73.6 | 63,090 | 44,317 | −2,212 | +0.3% |
| 1990 | 4,986,575 | 35.5 | 1.78 | 75.0 | 65,208 | 50,070 | +8,920 | +0.5% |
| 2000 | 5,176,202 | 38.4 | 1.73 | 77.7 | 56,622 | 49,358 | +2,497 | +0.2% |
| 2010 | 5,363,350 | 41.0 | 1.86 | 80.0 | 60,608 | 50,860 | +14,080 | +0.4% |
| 2020 | 5,529,612 | 42.2 | 1.37 | 81.8 | 46,440 | 55,419 | +17,504 | +0.1% |
| 2023 | 5,601,185 | 42.8 | 1.28 | 81.9 | 43,556 | 59,984 | +38,156 | +0.4% |
| 2024* | 5,617,310 | 43.0 | 1.29 | 82.1 | 43,829 | 60,183 | +26,894 | +0.2% |
| 2026* | 5,621,739 | 43.4 | 1.30 | 82.4 | 43,863 | 61,221 | +12,666 | -0.1% |
| 2030* | 5,592,051 | 44.3 | 1.33 | 83.0 | 43,322 | 63,545 | +11,236 | -0.2% |
| 2040* | 5,480,522 | 46.1 | 1.38 | 84.4 | 46,170 | 70,010 | +11,710 | -0.2% |
| 2050* | 5,351,645 | 46.5 | 1.41 | 85.7 | 42,662 | 68,600 | +11,750 | -0.3% |
| 2060* | 5,198,126 | 48.2 | 1.44 | 86.9 | 38,457 | 64,666 | +11,247 | -0.3% |
| 2070* | 5,059,522 | 49.7 | 1.47 | 88.0 | 39,258 | 63,649 | +10,827 | -0.3% |
| 2080* | 4,912,824 | 49.6 | 1.48 | 89.1 | 38,235 | 64,023 | +10,003 | -0.3% |
| 2090* | 4,756,416 | 49.8 | 1.50 | 90.2 | 35,656 | 60,436 | +9,156 | -0.3% |
| 2100* | 4,601,058 | 50.6 | 1.51 | 91.3 | 35,105 | 60,107 | +8,139 | -0.4% |
* 2024 onward is the UN medium projection. Fertility is births per woman; life expectancy is years at birth; births, deaths, and net migration are counts for that calendar year.
Download every year, 1950–2100 (CSV)
2026 population by age and sex
The table provides the counts behind the chart. Age groups are five-year bands, with everyone aged 100 or older combined.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 117,177 | 111,213 | 228,390 | 4.1% |
| 5–9 | 129,966 | 124,011 | 253,977 | 4.5% |
| 10–14 | 156,527 | 149,444 | 305,971 | 5.4% |
| 15–19 | 166,722 | 159,291 | 326,013 | 5.8% |
| 20–24 | 166,309 | 158,687 | 324,996 | 5.8% |
| 25–29 | 165,665 | 154,856 | 320,521 | 5.7% |
| 30–34 | 185,876 | 174,180 | 360,056 | 6.4% |
| 35–39 | 189,352 | 176,679 | 366,031 | 6.5% |
| 40–44 | 191,663 | 179,167 | 370,830 | 6.6% |
| 45–49 | 181,913 | 172,761 | 354,674 | 6.3% |
| 50–54 | 165,692 | 159,133 | 324,825 | 5.8% |
| 55–59 | 171,804 | 171,131 | 342,935 | 6.1% |
| 60–64 | 179,707 | 183,859 | 363,566 | 6.5% |
| 65–69 | 167,210 | 179,449 | 346,659 | 6.2% |
| 70–74 | 157,236 | 179,052 | 336,288 | 6.0% |
| 75–79 | 143,652 | 175,099 | 318,751 | 5.7% |
| 80–84 | 84,510 | 115,340 | 199,850 | 3.6% |
| 85–89 | 42,818 | 72,590 | 115,408 | 2.1% |
| 90–94 | 14,510 | 33,543 | 48,053 | 0.9% |
| 95–99 | 2,690 | 9,927 | 12,617 | 0.2% |
| 100+ | 177 | 1,151 | 1,328 | 0.0% |
Countries with the most similar age structure
These profiles have the 2026 age distributions closest to Finland’s, measured by the total difference in the share of the population in each five-year band. Similar shapes can arise from very different histories, so the match is a starting point for comparison, not an explanation.
- Belgium96% overlap · median age 42.1
- Guernsey96% overlap · median age 44.5
- Canada96% overlap · median age 40.8
- France96% overlap · median age 42.5
- Sweden95% overlap · median age 40.4
- Isle of Man95% overlap · median age 46.3
To calculate school-age, working-age, or older groups with other boundaries, use the age-group calculator for Finland.
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APA
World Population Pyramid. (2026, October 19). Finland Population Pyramid 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/finland/
MLA
“Finland Population Pyramid 2026.” World Population Pyramid, 19 Oct. 2026, worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/finland/.
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World Population Pyramid. “Finland Population Pyramid 2026.” Last modified October 19, 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/finland/.
Underlying data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Finland in 2026?
Under the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium scenario, Finland's population in 2026 is projected at 5,621,739.
What is the median age in Finland?
The projected median age in Finland in 2026 is 43.4 years: half the population is younger and half is older.
What is the fertility rate in Finland?
The projected total fertility rate in 2026 is 1.30 births per woman, below the replacement level of about 2.1 in low-mortality populations.
Is Finland's population projected to grow?
Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario indicates the population will decline by about 5%, from 5.6M to 5.4M.
What share of Finland is aged 65 or older?
In 2026, 24.5% of the projected population is aged 65 or older. By 2050, the medium scenario places the share at 28.2%.
How many babies are born in Finland each year?
The UN medium scenario projects 43,863 births and 61,221 deaths in 2026, about 120 births a day. Deaths exceed births by 17,358.
What is life expectancy in Finland for men and women?
Life expectancy at birth in 2026 is projected at 85.0 years for women and 79.8 years for men, a gap of 5.2 years in favour of women.
Does Finland have more immigrants or emigrants?
Finland is projected to gain about 12,666 more people through migration than it loses in 2026. Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates cumulative net migration of +383,652.
What is the sex ratio in Finland?
The projected 2026 population sex ratio is 97.9 males per 100 females. This all-age ratio is different from the sex ratio at birth and can vary substantially by age.
Sources and notes
- United Nations, DESA, Population Division: World Population Prospects 2024, medium scenario.
- Population values are mid-year figures. Source values published in thousands are converted to people; displayed figures may imply more precision than is appropriate for planning.
- Historical values through 2023 are estimates. Values from 2024 onward are projections.
- Calculations follow the site methodology.