Slovakia population pyramid 2026
5,451,342 people in 2026 (projected). Slovakia’s pyramid is widest at ages 40–49, the large cohorts born 1977–86, and narrows sharply below it; the population peaked in 2023 and is now declining.
- 2026 population
- 5.5Mrank 124 of 237
- Median age
- 42.8 yearsoldest rank 41
- Fertility rate
- 1.57births per woman · below replacement
- Structure
- Older19.5% age 65+
Slovakia population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
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The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Slovakia age distribution in 2026
Children under 15 account for 15.4% of the population, while 19.5% are aged 65 or older. The remaining 65.1% are in the conventional working-age range of 15–64. On these shares, the site classifies Slovakia’s age structure as older; the guide to constrictive population pyramids explains what that shape implies.
The total age dependency ratio is 53.5: about 54 people under 15 or 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64 (23.6 children and 29.9 older people). This is an age-balance indicator, not a literal count of economic dependants per worker.
What shapes Slovakia’s population pyramid
A century of scars
The oldest mark in Slovakia’s pyramid comes from the First World War. In 1950 the 30–34 band, people born in 1916–20, is little more than half the size of the 25–29 band below it. The same cohort is still visible as a notch at 55–59 in 1975.
A second notch appears at 55–59 in 2026: the cohorts born in 1967–71, about 10% smaller than their neighbours, which already showed as a narrow 5–9 band in the 1975 pyramid. The widest bands today, at 40–49, are the generation born in 1977–86, when fertility was still around 2.3 children per woman. That period is widely associated with the pronatalist housing and family policies of 1970s Czechoslovakia, and the parents were themselves the large cohorts born after the Second World War.
The collapse after 1989
After the end of communist rule fertility fell abruptly, from about 2.1 in 1990 to 1.3 in 2000. Deaths first exceeded births in 2001. The small cohorts born in those years shape the lower pyramid: the 20–24 band, born 2002–06, is a notch about 8% narrower than its neighbours, and every band under 35 is smaller than any band from 35 to 54. A modest fertility recovery, to about 1.6 by 2023, has not been enough to widen the base, and the 0–4 band is narrower than the 5–9 band above it.
Above 55 women increasingly outnumber men, to about 75 men per 100 women at 70–74 and 52 at 80–84, reflecting a gap of more than six years in life expectancy.
An older, smaller Slovakia
Slovakia’s age structure most resembles those of Czechia, Poland and Bulgaria. Its population peaked at about 5.5 million in 2023, and with migration close to zero the UN medium scenario projects a decline to about 4.9 million by 2050 and 3.4 million by 2100. As the large cohorts born around 1980 age, the widest part of the pyramid moves to ages 60–74 by 2050, when about 30% of the population is 65 or older and the median age is near 49, a clear case of a constrictive pyramid. The fastest-declining populations ranking shows how this pace of decline compares internationally.
What to notice across the years
Distinctive cohorts and turning points
Comparing each five-year band with its neighbours picks out the cohorts that break a smooth slope. These irregularities usually record past surges or deficits in births, or migration concentrated at particular ages; the pattern alone does not identify which. The guide to baby booms and echo cohorts explains how to date and interpret them.
| Age band in 2026 | Born about | Feature | Versus neighbouring bands |
|---|---|---|---|
| 55–59 | 1967–1971 | Notch (smaller cohort) | −10% |
Deaths have exceeded births every year since 2020; they also did so in 2001, but births then outnumbered deaths again. People aged 65 and older came to outnumber children under 15 between 2015 and 2020.
Births, deaths, and migration
A pyramid changes in only three ways: births add to the base, deaths remove people at every age, and migration adds or removes people mainly in young adulthood. In 2026, Slovakia is projected to record 47,925 births (about 131 births a day) and 57,002 deaths, a natural decrease of 9,077. Net migration adds +134 people, ranking #97 in the net migration rate ranking.
Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates 1,341,208 births, 1,298,696 deaths, and cumulative net migration of +97,483. Over that period migration moved the total more than the balance of births and deaths did. See how migration shapes a pyramid and birth rate versus fertility rate. The medium scenario assumes net migration of −7,329 between 2026 and 2050.
Annual values 1950–2100; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection. The trend table below lists the values by decade.
Life expectancy and mortality
- Life expectancy, women
- 82.0 years62.5 in 1950
- Life expectancy, men
- 75.6 years59.0 in 1950
- Further years at 65
- 18.4 yearsboth sexes
- Infant mortality
- 3.7per 1,000 births · 112 in 1950
- Under-five mortality
- 4.5per 1,000 births
- Mother’s mean age at birth
- 29.1 yearssex ratio at birth 105.5
Women in Slovakia are projected to live 6.4 years longer than men, which is why the female side of the pyramid widens relative to the other at older ages (see the life expectancy gap ranking). Infant mortality has fallen from 112 to 3.7 deaths per 1,000 live births since 1950, ranking #194 of 237 in the infant mortality ranking (highest first). A mean age at childbearing of 29.1 years sets the spacing between generations, and so how far apart echo cohorts sit in the pyramid.
Median age, fertility rate, and global ranks for Slovakia
The median age of 42.8 years splits the population into two equal halves. A total fertility rate of 1.57 births per woman is below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, and life expectancy at birth is 78.8 years.
These ranks compare all 237 countries and areas in this dataset using the same 2026 UN medium projection. Ranks use the stored source precision, so displayed rounding can make adjacent values look identical; small differences should not be overinterpreted.
| Indicator | 2026 value | Global rank | Ranking direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 5,451,342 | #124 | Largest first |
| Median age | 42.8 years | #41 | Oldest first |
| Fertility rate | 1.57 | #154 | Highest first |
| Annual growth | -0.2% | #186 | Fastest first |
| Life expectancy | 78.8 years | #73 | Highest first |
| Population aged 65+ | 19.5% | #49 | Highest share first |
Largest age groups in Slovakia
The five largest cohorts identify where the 2026 population is concentrated. They can reflect past birth patterns, survival, and migration; the chart alone does not establish which cause dominates.
| Rank | Age group | Population | Share of total | Male / female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 45–49 | 452,580 | 8.3% | 232K / 220.6K |
| 2 | 40–44 | 433,895 | 8.0% | 222.4K / 211.5K |
| 3 | 50–54 | 419,181 | 7.7% | 211.8K / 207.4K |
| 4 | 35–39 | 400,292 | 7.3% | 203.7K / 196.6K |
| 5 | 60–64 | 341,081 | 6.3% | 163.3K / 177.8K |
Sex ratio and the balance by age
In the 2026 projection, Slovakia has 2,660,695 males and 2,790,646 females. That is 95.3 males per 100 females, ranking #175 when the dataset is ordered from the highest male-to-female ratio to the lowest.
Males account for 48.8% of the population and females for 51.2%. There are 129,951 more females than males overall. Among people aged 65 and older, the ratio is 69.0 males per 100 females.
The overall balance can conceal large differences by age; how sex ratios change with age explains the usual pattern. The ratio reflects the male/female categories in the UN source and is not a measure of gender identity. Compare all profiles in the sex-ratio ranking.
At birth, 105.5 boys are projected to be born for every 100 girls in 2026, close to the biological norm of about 105 (compare the sex ratio at birth ranking). The ratio at birth sets the balance at the base of the pyramid; how it changes with age then depends on survival and migration.
How Slovakia has changed since 1950
The population has increased from 3,465,747 in 1950 to 5,451,342 in 2026, a change of 57%. Over the same span, median age moved from 26.0 to 42.8 years.
The under-15 share changed from 28.9% to 15.4%, while the share aged 65 and older changed from 6.6% to 19.5%. These shifts show why total population growth and age-structure change need to be read separately.
How the population could change by 2050
Under the UN medium scenario, Slovakia’s population is projected to decline by about 9%, reaching 4,936,488 in 2050. The median age changes from 42.8 to 49.3 years.
The 65+ share is projected to rise by 10.6 percentage points to 30.1%. At the same time, the under-15 share is projected at 13.1%. How UN projections work explains the assumptions behind these figures.
The annual UN series reaches its highest estimated population of 5,518,054 in 2023. Historical population totals are estimates rather than exact head counts. Compare timing across countries in the population peak ranking.
Population trend: 1950–2100
Mid-year population for every year. Estimates through 2023; dashed line shows the UN medium projection.
| Year | Population | Median age | Fertility | Life exp. | Births | Deaths | Net migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 3,465,747 | 26.0 | 3.61 | 60.8 | 100,288 | 40,027 | −5,540 | +1.6% |
| 1960 | 4,124,442 | 26.7 | 3.02 | 70.3 | 88,657 | 31,716 | +4,344 | +1.5% |
| 1970 | 4,525,871 | 27.3 | 2.41 | 69.7 | 80,287 | 42,549 | −4,919 | +0.7% |
| 1980 | 4,976,656 | 27.9 | 2.32 | 70.4 | 95,369 | 50,931 | −5,522 | +0.8% |
| 1990 | 5,266,078 | 30.3 | 2.08 | 70.8 | 79,350 | 55,259 | −9,402 | +0.3% |
| 2000 | 5,379,999 | 33.0 | 1.29 | 73.1 | 54,799 | 53,142 | −831 | +0.0% |
| 2010 | 5,391,851 | 36.1 | 1.43 | 75.5 | 60,529 | 53,025 | −1,814 | +0.1% |
| 2020 | 5,455,024 | 40.2 | 1.59 | 76.9 | 56,663 | 59,735 | +4,350 | +0.0% |
| 2023 | 5,518,054 | 41.3 | 1.56 | 78.3 | 52,271 | 54,167 | +4,933 | +0.1% |
| 2024* | 5,506,760 | 41.8 | 1.56 | 78.5 | 51,117 | 55,732 | −21,027 | -0.5% |
| 2026* | 5,451,342 | 42.8 | 1.57 | 78.8 | 47,925 | 57,002 | +134 | -0.2% |
| 2030* | 5,401,392 | 44.4 | 1.58 | 79.5 | 44,488 | 59,943 | −372 | -0.3% |
| 2040* | 5,192,010 | 48.0 | 1.59 | 81.1 | 43,319 | 67,300 | −400 | -0.5% |
| 2050* | 4,936,488 | 49.3 | 1.60 | 82.6 | 42,422 | 69,014 | −339 | -0.6% |
| 2060* | 4,635,020 | 49.3 | 1.61 | 84.0 | 35,682 | 69,444 | −283 | -0.7% |
| 2070* | 4,271,288 | 50.4 | 1.62 | 85.3 | 33,322 | 70,249 | −233 | -0.9% |
| 2080* | 3,926,992 | 50.5 | 1.62 | 86.5 | 32,321 | 62,786 | −263 | -0.8% |
| 2090* | 3,656,440 | 50.3 | 1.63 | 87.7 | 28,544 | 52,401 | −216 | -0.7% |
| 2100* | 3,427,216 | 51.4 | 1.63 | 88.8 | 26,033 | 48,392 | −220 | -0.7% |
* 2024 onward is the UN medium projection. Fertility is births per woman; life expectancy is years at birth; births, deaths, and net migration are counts for that calendar year.
Download every year, 1950–2100 (CSV)
2026 population by age and sex
The table provides the counts behind the chart. Age groups are five-year bands, with everyone aged 100 or older combined.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 130,291 | 123,547 | 253,838 | 4.7% |
| 5–9 | 149,876 | 142,375 | 292,251 | 5.4% |
| 10–14 | 149,203 | 141,694 | 290,897 | 5.3% |
| 15–19 | 147,709 | 140,627 | 288,336 | 5.3% |
| 20–24 | 132,823 | 125,583 | 258,406 | 4.7% |
| 25–29 | 141,707 | 134,682 | 276,389 | 5.1% |
| 30–34 | 173,425 | 166,327 | 339,752 | 6.2% |
| 35–39 | 203,688 | 196,604 | 400,292 | 7.3% |
| 40–44 | 222,355 | 211,540 | 433,895 | 8.0% |
| 45–49 | 231,961 | 220,619 | 452,580 | 8.3% |
| 50–54 | 211,818 | 207,363 | 419,181 | 7.7% |
| 55–59 | 168,448 | 172,570 | 341,018 | 6.3% |
| 60–64 | 163,313 | 177,768 | 341,081 | 6.3% |
| 65–69 | 150,672 | 177,923 | 328,595 | 6.0% |
| 70–74 | 130,194 | 173,651 | 303,845 | 5.6% |
| 75–79 | 84,919 | 131,772 | 216,691 | 4.0% |
| 80–84 | 41,573 | 79,698 | 121,271 | 2.2% |
| 85–89 | 18,958 | 44,407 | 63,365 | 1.2% |
| 90–94 | 6,298 | 17,409 | 23,707 | 0.4% |
| 95–99 | 1,342 | 4,064 | 5,406 | 0.1% |
| 100+ | 123 | 424 | 547 | 0.0% |
Countries with the most similar age structure
These profiles have the 2026 age distributions closest to Slovakia’s, measured by the total difference in the share of the population in each five-year band. Similar shapes can arise from very different histories, so the match is a starting point for comparison, not an explanation.
- Poland97% overlap · median age 43.0
- Czechia96% overlap · median age 44.3
- Bulgaria96% overlap · median age 45.0
- Estonia96% overlap · median age 43.2
- North Macedonia96% overlap · median age 41.4
- Hungary95% overlap · median age 44.2
To calculate school-age, working-age, or older groups with other boundaries, use the age-group calculator for Slovakia.
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APA
World Population Pyramid. (2026, October 19). Slovakia Population Pyramid 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/slovakia/
MLA
“Slovakia Population Pyramid 2026.” World Population Pyramid, 19 Oct. 2026, worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/slovakia/.
Chicago
World Population Pyramid. “Slovakia Population Pyramid 2026.” Last modified October 19, 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/slovakia/.
Underlying data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Slovakia in 2026?
Under the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium scenario, Slovakia's population in 2026 is projected at 5,451,342.
What is the median age in Slovakia?
The projected median age in Slovakia in 2026 is 42.8 years: half the population is younger and half is older.
What is the fertility rate in Slovakia?
The projected total fertility rate in 2026 is 1.57 births per woman, below the replacement level of about 2.1 in low-mortality populations.
Is Slovakia's population projected to grow?
Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario indicates the population will decline by about 9%, from 5.5M to 4.9M.
What share of Slovakia is aged 65 or older?
In 2026, 19.5% of the projected population is aged 65 or older. By 2050, the medium scenario places the share at 30.1%.
How many babies are born in Slovakia each year?
The UN medium scenario projects 47,925 births and 57,002 deaths in 2026, about 131 births a day. Deaths exceed births by 9,077.
What is life expectancy in Slovakia for men and women?
Life expectancy at birth in 2026 is projected at 82.0 years for women and 75.6 years for men, a gap of 6.4 years in favour of women.
Does Slovakia have more immigrants or emigrants?
Slovakia is projected to gain about 134 more people through migration than it loses in 2026. Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates cumulative net migration of +97,483.
What is the sex ratio in Slovakia?
The projected 2026 population sex ratio is 95.3 males per 100 females. This all-age ratio is different from the sex ratio at birth and can vary substantially by age.
Sources and notes
- United Nations, DESA, Population Division: World Population Prospects 2024, medium scenario.
- Population values are mid-year figures. Source values published in thousands are converted to people; displayed figures may imply more precision than is appropriate for planning.
- Historical values through 2023 are estimates. Values from 2024 onward are projections.
- Calculations follow the site methodology.