Czechia population pyramid 2026
10,527,780 people in 2026 (projected). Czechia’s pyramid is a sequence of waves: the large 1970s ‘Husák’s children’ cohorts, the deep 1990s trough and their own children born around 2010.
- 2026 population
- 10.5Mrank 92 of 237
- Median age
- 44.3 yearsoldest rank 28
- Fertility rate
- 1.47births per woman · below replacement
- Structure
- Older21.4% age 65+
Czechia population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
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The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Czechia age distribution in 2026
Children under 15 account for 14.8% of the population, while 21.4% are aged 65 or older. The remaining 63.7% are in the conventional working-age range of 15–64. On these shares, the site classifies Czechia’s age structure as older; the guide to constrictive population pyramids explains what that shape implies.
The total age dependency ratio is 56.9: about 57 people under 15 or 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64 (23.3 children and 33.7 older people). This is an age-balance indicator, not a literal count of economic dependants per worker.
What shapes Czechia’s population pyramid
Wars and policies in the outline
Few European pyramids show their history as plainly as Czechia’s. In 1950 the 30–34 band, born about 1916–20, was almost 40% narrower than its neighbours, the birth deficit of the First World War; the low-fertility 1930s left a second, shallower dip at ages 10–14. Post-war births then rose, and the cohorts of the early 1950s still form a bulge at ages 70–74 in 2026, about 9% larger than the bands around them, with a notch at 65–69 below.
The largest feature today is the bulge at ages 45–54, the cohorts born about 1972–81. The 50–54 band alone is about 15% larger than its neighbours. In Czech these are often called “Husák’s children”, after the leader of the period, because their birth coincided with generous pronatalist measures in the 1970s, including housing allocations and loans for young married couples.
The 1990s collapse and its echoes
After 1989 the timing of family formation changed abruptly. The total fertility rate fell from about 1.9 in 1990 to about 1.15 in 2000, among the lowest values recorded anywhere at the time, as young adults postponed marriage and parenthood amid economic transformation and new opportunities. The resulting notch is the 25–29 band in 2026, born about 1997–2001, which is about 13% smaller than its neighbours. In the 2000 pyramid the 0–4 band was narrower than every band up to 64.
As the large 1970s cohorts reached parenthood, two smaller waves followed: a bulge at 15–19, born about 2007–11, and another at 5–9, born about 2017–21. The 0–4 band below is much narrower, so births have fallen again. Reading the chart band by band, as described in the guide to reading a population pyramid, the 15–19 wave sits roughly a generation below the 1970s bulge.
Migration and the peak
Births have not kept pace with deaths: the UN estimates about 2.55 million births and 2.67 million deaths between 2000 and 2023, so the growth in that period came entirely from net immigration of about 670,000. Men slightly outnumber women at working ages, about 107 per 100 at 30–44, a pattern consistent with male-dominated labour immigration, though the chart alone cannot confirm the cause. Large numbers of refugees from Ukraine arrived in 2022, and the UN series places the population peak in 2023 at about 10.8 million.
Czechia’s profile is closest to those of Hungary, Bulgaria and Slovakia. Under the medium scenario it falls to about 9.8 million by 2050, when the 1990s trough appears as a waist at ages 45–54 between the ageing 1970s generation and their children.
What to notice across the years
Distinctive cohorts and turning points
Comparing each five-year band with its neighbours picks out the cohorts that break a smooth slope. These irregularities usually record past surges or deficits in births, or migration concentrated at particular ages; the pattern alone does not identify which. The guide to baby booms and echo cohorts explains how to date and interpret them.
| Age band in 2026 | Born about | Feature | Versus neighbouring bands |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50–54 | 1972–1976 | Bulge (larger cohort) | +15% |
| 25–29 | 1997–2001 | Notch (smaller cohort) | −13% |
| 5–9 | 2017–2021 | Bulge (larger cohort) | +12% |
Deaths have exceeded births every year since 2019; they also did so in 1986, but births then outnumbered deaths again. People aged 65 and older came to outnumber children under 15 between 2005 and 2010.
Births, deaths, and migration
A pyramid changes in only three ways: births add to the base, deaths remove people at every age, and migration adds or removes people mainly in young adulthood. In 2026, Czechia is projected to record 83,205 births (about 228 births a day) and 117,684 deaths, a natural decrease of 34,479. Net migration adds +13,400 people, ranking #65 in the net migration rate ranking.
Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates 2,548,175 births, 2,666,315 deaths, and cumulative net migration of +665,761. Over that period migration moved the total more than the balance of births and deaths did. See how migration shapes a pyramid and birth rate versus fertility rate. The medium scenario assumes net migration of +309,334 between 2026 and 2050.
Annual values 1950–2100; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection. The trend table below lists the values by decade.
Life expectancy and mortality
- Life expectancy, women
- 83.0 years66.8 in 1950
- Life expectancy, men
- 77.5 years61.9 in 1950
- Further years at 65
- 18.9 yearsboth sexes
- Infant mortality
- 2.0per 1,000 births · 65 in 1950
- Under-five mortality
- 2.5per 1,000 births
- Mother’s mean age at birth
- 30.6 yearssex ratio at birth 105.5
Women in Czechia are projected to live 5.5 years longer than men, which is why the female side of the pyramid widens relative to the other at older ages (see the life expectancy gap ranking). Infant mortality has fallen from 65 to 2.0 deaths per 1,000 live births since 1950, ranking #223 of 237 in the infant mortality ranking (highest first). A mean age at childbearing of 30.6 years sets the spacing between generations, and so how far apart echo cohorts sit in the pyramid.
Median age, fertility rate, and global ranks for Czechia
The median age of 44.3 years splits the population into two equal halves. A total fertility rate of 1.47 births per woman is below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, and life expectancy at birth is 80.3 years.
These ranks compare all 237 countries and areas in this dataset using the same 2026 UN medium projection. Ranks use the stored source precision, so displayed rounding can make adjacent values look identical; small differences should not be overinterpreted.
| Indicator | 2026 value | Global rank | Ranking direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 10,527,780 | #92 | Largest first |
| Median age | 44.3 years | #28 | Oldest first |
| Fertility rate | 1.47 | #174 | Highest first |
| Annual growth | -0.2% | #189 | Fastest first |
| Life expectancy | 80.3 years | #58 | Highest first |
| Population aged 65+ | 21.4% | #30 | Highest share first |
Largest age groups in Czechia
The five largest cohorts identify where the 2026 population is concentrated. They can reflect past birth patterns, survival, and migration; the chart alone does not establish which cause dominates.
| Rank | Age group | Population | Share of total | Male / female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 50–54 | 875,585 | 8.3% | 447.9K / 427.7K |
| 2 | 45–49 | 849,561 | 8.1% | 438.1K / 411.4K |
| 3 | 40–44 | 724,731 | 6.9% | 374.7K / 350K |
| 4 | 35–39 | 699,770 | 6.6% | 361.9K / 337.9K |
| 5 | 55–59 | 677,073 | 6.4% | 342.5K / 334.6K |
Sex ratio and the balance by age
In the 2026 projection, Czechia has 5,193,276 males and 5,334,505 females. That is 97.4 males per 100 females, ranking #144 when the dataset is ordered from the highest male-to-female ratio to the lowest.
Males account for 49.3% of the population and females for 50.7%. There are 141,229 more females than males overall. Among people aged 65 and older, the ratio is 73.9 males per 100 females.
The overall balance can conceal large differences by age; how sex ratios change with age explains the usual pattern. The ratio reflects the male/female categories in the UN source and is not a measure of gender identity. Compare all profiles in the sex-ratio ranking.
At birth, 105.5 boys are projected to be born for every 100 girls in 2026, close to the biological norm of about 105 (compare the sex ratio at birth ranking). The ratio at birth sets the balance at the base of the pyramid; how it changes with age then depends on survival and migration.
How Czechia has changed since 1950
The population has increased from 8,916,711 in 1950 to 10,527,780 in 2026, a change of 18%. Over the same span, median age moved from 31.3 to 44.3 years.
The under-15 share changed from 24.2% to 14.8%, while the share aged 65 and older changed from 8.3% to 21.4%. These shifts show why total population growth and age-structure change need to be read separately.
How the population could change by 2050
Under the UN medium scenario, Czechia’s population is projected to decline by about 7%, reaching 9,825,544 in 2050. The median age changes from 44.3 to 46.0 years.
The 65+ share is projected to rise by 8.2 percentage points to 29.6%. At the same time, the under-15 share is projected at 14.0%. How UN projections work explains the assumptions behind these figures.
The annual UN series reaches its highest estimated population of 10,809,716 in 2023. Historical population totals are estimates rather than exact head counts. Compare timing across countries in the population peak ranking.
Population trend: 1950–2100
Mid-year population for every year. Estimates through 2023; dashed line shows the UN medium projection.
| Year | Population | Median age | Fertility | Life exp. | Births | Deaths | Net migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 8,916,711 | 31.3 | 2.82 | 64.4 | 189,148 | 103,351 | −4,894 | +0.9% |
| 1960 | 9,541,605 | 32.1 | 2.09 | 70.5 | 126,824 | 94,027 | +2,748 | +0.4% |
| 1970 | 9,801,252 | 32.5 | 1.92 | 69.5 | 147,784 | 124,293 | −9,353 | +0.1% |
| 1980 | 10,275,403 | 32.0 | 2.08 | 70.3 | 151,605 | 136,227 | +1,738 | +0.2% |
| 1990 | 10,301,988 | 34.3 | 1.88 | 71.4 | 128,923 | 129,386 | −3,529 | -0.0% |
| 2000 | 10,236,804 | 36.4 | 1.15 | 75.0 | 90,473 | 109,155 | +4,420 | -0.1% |
| 2010 | 10,464,036 | 38.7 | 1.51 | 77.6 | 116,320 | 106,761 | +34,927 | +0.4% |
| 2020 | 10,550,129 | 42.3 | 1.76 | 78.2 | 110,250 | 129,215 | +4,336 | -0.1% |
| 2023 | 10,809,716 | 42.7 | 1.45 | 79.8 | 91,845 | 113,525 | −14,638 | -0.3% |
| 2024* | 10,735,859 | 43.2 | 1.46 | 80.0 | 90,211 | 115,432 | −86,169 | -1.0% |
| 2026* | 10,527,780 | 44.3 | 1.47 | 80.3 | 83,205 | 117,684 | +13,400 | -0.2% |
| 2030* | 10,425,089 | 45.4 | 1.50 | 80.8 | 80,710 | 123,496 | +13,312 | -0.3% |
| 2040* | 10,107,226 | 47.3 | 1.54 | 82.2 | 90,526 | 132,986 | +12,569 | -0.3% |
| 2050* | 9,825,544 | 46.0 | 1.57 | 83.6 | 89,059 | 129,660 | +10,785 | -0.3% |
| 2060* | 9,451,249 | 46.7 | 1.58 | 84.8 | 76,750 | 133,719 | +11,278 | -0.5% |
| 2070* | 8,972,728 | 47.5 | 1.59 | 86.0 | 78,228 | 132,083 | +9,794 | -0.5% |
| 2080* | 8,627,728 | 46.5 | 1.60 | 87.2 | 78,047 | 113,125 | +9,035 | -0.3% |
| 2090* | 8,418,482 | 46.8 | 1.61 | 88.3 | 71,307 | 98,385 | +8,974 | -0.2% |
| 2100* | 8,228,076 | 48.1 | 1.62 | 89.4 | 69,910 | 100,423 | +8,197 | -0.3% |
* 2024 onward is the UN medium projection. Fertility is births per woman; life expectancy is years at birth; births, deaths, and net migration are counts for that calendar year.
Download every year, 1950–2100 (CSV)
2026 population by age and sex
The table provides the counts behind the chart. Age groups are five-year bands, with everyone aged 100 or older combined.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 232,556 | 220,170 | 452,726 | 4.3% |
| 5–9 | 286,511 | 273,011 | 559,522 | 5.3% |
| 10–14 | 281,390 | 267,175 | 548,565 | 5.2% |
| 15–19 | 301,880 | 288,504 | 590,384 | 5.6% |
| 20–24 | 276,308 | 264,221 | 540,529 | 5.1% |
| 25–29 | 257,125 | 243,944 | 501,069 | 4.8% |
| 30–34 | 313,950 | 293,089 | 607,039 | 5.8% |
| 35–39 | 361,906 | 337,864 | 699,770 | 6.6% |
| 40–44 | 374,723 | 350,008 | 724,731 | 6.9% |
| 45–49 | 438,129 | 411,432 | 849,561 | 8.1% |
| 50–54 | 447,912 | 427,673 | 875,585 | 8.3% |
| 55–59 | 342,502 | 334,571 | 677,073 | 6.4% |
| 60–64 | 318,952 | 324,349 | 643,301 | 6.1% |
| 65–69 | 272,489 | 299,036 | 571,525 | 5.4% |
| 70–74 | 269,625 | 330,733 | 600,358 | 5.7% |
| 75–79 | 220,166 | 307,077 | 527,243 | 5.0% |
| 80–84 | 125,755 | 206,457 | 332,212 | 3.2% |
| 85–89 | 52,109 | 103,407 | 155,516 | 1.5% |
| 90–94 | 16,178 | 41,048 | 57,226 | 0.5% |
| 95–99 | 2,894 | 9,767 | 12,661 | 0.1% |
| 100+ | 213 | 967 | 1,180 | 0.0% |
Countries with the most similar age structure
These profiles have the 2026 age distributions closest to Czechia’s, measured by the total difference in the share of the population in each five-year band. Similar shapes can arise from very different histories, so the match is a starting point for comparison, not an explanation.
- Hungary97% overlap · median age 44.2
- Bulgaria97% overlap · median age 45.0
- Slovenia96% overlap · median age 45.0
- Slovakia96% overlap · median age 42.8
- Estonia96% overlap · median age 43.2
- Romania96% overlap · median age 43.5
To calculate school-age, working-age, or older groups with other boundaries, use the age-group calculator for Czechia.
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APA
World Population Pyramid. (2026, October 19). Czechia Population Pyramid 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/czechia/
MLA
“Czechia Population Pyramid 2026.” World Population Pyramid, 19 Oct. 2026, worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/czechia/.
Chicago
World Population Pyramid. “Czechia Population Pyramid 2026.” Last modified October 19, 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/czechia/.
Underlying data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Czechia in 2026?
Under the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium scenario, Czechia's population in 2026 is projected at 10,527,780.
What is the median age in Czechia?
The projected median age in Czechia in 2026 is 44.3 years: half the population is younger and half is older.
What is the fertility rate in Czechia?
The projected total fertility rate in 2026 is 1.47 births per woman, below the replacement level of about 2.1 in low-mortality populations.
Is Czechia's population projected to grow?
Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario indicates the population will decline by about 7%, from 10.5M to 9.8M.
What share of Czechia is aged 65 or older?
In 2026, 21.4% of the projected population is aged 65 or older. By 2050, the medium scenario places the share at 29.6%.
How many babies are born in Czechia each year?
The UN medium scenario projects 83,205 births and 117,684 deaths in 2026, about 228 births a day. Deaths exceed births by 34,479.
What is life expectancy in Czechia for men and women?
Life expectancy at birth in 2026 is projected at 83.0 years for women and 77.5 years for men, a gap of 5.5 years in favour of women.
Does Czechia have more immigrants or emigrants?
Czechia is projected to gain about 13,400 more people through migration than it loses in 2026. Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates cumulative net migration of +665,761.
What is the sex ratio in Czechia?
The projected 2026 population sex ratio is 97.4 males per 100 females. This all-age ratio is different from the sex ratio at birth and can vary substantially by age.
Sources and notes
- United Nations, DESA, Population Division: World Population Prospects 2024, medium scenario.
- Population values are mid-year figures. Source values published in thousands are converted to people; displayed figures may imply more precision than is appropriate for planning.
- Historical values through 2023 are estimates. Values from 2024 onward are projections.
- Calculations follow the site methodology.