Luxembourg population pyramid 2026
687,448 people in 2026 (projected). Luxembourg has more than doubled its population since 1950 mainly through immigration, giving its pyramid a wide middle at ages 30–44.
- 2026 population
- 687.4Krank 169 of 237
- Median age
- 39.7 yearsoldest rank 64
- Fertility rate
- 1.41births per woman · below replacement
- Structure
- Older16.2% age 65+
Luxembourg population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
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The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Luxembourg age distribution in 2026
Children under 15 account for 15.7% of the population, while 16.2% are aged 65 or older. The remaining 68.1% are in the conventional working-age range of 15–64. On these shares, the site classifies Luxembourg’s age structure as older; the guide to constrictive population pyramids explains what that shape implies.
The total age dependency ratio is 46.8: about 47 people under 15 or 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64 (23.1 children and 23.8 older people). This is an age-balance indicator, not a literal count of economic dependants per worker.
What shapes Luxembourg’s population pyramid
Growth without a large birth surplus
Luxembourg’s pyramid was already mature in 1950, with a median age of about 34 and only one resident in five under 15. Fertility has been below 2 for most of the period since and is about 1.4 in 2026. Yet the population has grown from about 297,000 in 1950 to about 690,000 in 2026. The difference is migration: the UN estimates net immigration of about 100,000 people before 2000 and a further 194,000 between 2000 and 2023, more than four times the natural increase over the same period. Foreign nationals now make up close to half of residents, drawn by the steel industry in earlier decades and later by financial services and European institutions.
A pyramid shaped by working-age arrivals
Since migrants usually arrive as young adults, the effect is a wide middle section. In 2026 the largest bands are 35–39, 30–34 and 40–44, born about 1982–96, and the base is noticeably narrower: the 0–4 band is about a third smaller than the 35–39 band. Men slightly outnumber women in every band up to 65–69, a pattern consistent with migration that has been somewhat male-dominated. The many cross-border workers from France, Belgium and Germany do not appear at all, since the pyramid counts residents only.
Under the medium scenario immigration continues at a slower pace, and the population peaks at about 800,000 in 2061. The median age rises from about 40 to 46 by 2050, as the large migrant cohorts move into retirement ages. The UN assumptions behind such figures are discussed in the guide to population projections. In 2026 Luxembourg’s age structure resembles those of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Cyprus, Chile, Thailand and Mauritius.
What to notice across the years
Distinctive cohorts and turning points
No five-year band under age 80 is more than 10% larger or smaller than both of its neighbours, so Luxembourg’s 2026 pyramid has a comparatively smooth profile without sharp bulges or notches.
Births outnumber deaths in 2026 (deaths were higher in 1971); the medium scenario projects deaths to exceed births from 2042. People aged 65 and older came to outnumber children under 15 between 2023 and 2025.
Births, deaths, and migration
A pyramid changes in only three ways: births add to the base, deaths remove people at every age, and migration adds or removes people mainly in young adulthood. In 2026, Luxembourg is projected to record 6,943 births (about 19 births a day) and 5,061 deaths, a natural increase of 1,882. Net migration adds +4,938 people, ranking #16 in the net migration rate ranking.
Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates 140,123 births, 97,801 deaths, and cumulative net migration of +193,854. Over that period migration moved the total more than the balance of births and deaths did. See how migration shapes a pyramid and birth rate versus fertility rate. The medium scenario assumes net migration of +97,549 between 2026 and 2050.
Annual values 1950–2100; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection. The trend table below lists the values by decade.
Life expectancy and mortality
- Life expectancy, women
- 84.2 years67.9 in 1950
- Life expectancy, men
- 81.1 years63.4 in 1950
- Further years at 65
- 20.7 yearsboth sexes
- Infant mortality
- 2.7per 1,000 births · 50 in 1950
- Under-five mortality
- 3.5per 1,000 births
- Mother’s mean age at birth
- 32.3 yearssex ratio at birth 105.4
Women in Luxembourg are projected to live 3.1 years longer than men, which is why the female side of the pyramid widens relative to the other at older ages (see the life expectancy gap ranking). Infant mortality has fallen from 50 to 2.7 deaths per 1,000 live births since 1950, ranking #207 of 237 in the infant mortality ranking (highest first). A mean age at childbearing of 32.3 years sets the spacing between generations, and so how far apart echo cohorts sit in the pyramid.
Median age, fertility rate, and global ranks for Luxembourg
The median age of 39.7 years splits the population into two equal halves. A total fertility rate of 1.41 births per woman is below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, and life expectancy at birth is 82.6 years.
These ranks compare all 237 countries and areas in this dataset using the same 2026 UN medium projection. Ranks use the stored source precision, so displayed rounding can make adjacent values look identical; small differences should not be overinterpreted.
| Indicator | 2026 value | Global rank | Ranking direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 687,448 | #169 | Largest first |
| Median age | 39.7 years | #64 | Oldest first |
| Fertility rate | 1.41 | #193 | Highest first |
| Annual growth | +1.0% | #98 | Fastest first |
| Life expectancy | 82.6 years | #33 | Highest first |
| Population aged 65+ | 16.2% | #76 | Highest share first |
Largest age groups in Luxembourg
The five largest cohorts identify where the 2026 population is concentrated. They can reflect past birth patterns, survival, and migration; the chart alone does not establish which cause dominates.
| Rank | Age group | Population | Share of total | Male / female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 35–39 | 54,809 | 8.0% | 27.9K / 26.9K |
| 2 | 30–34 | 53,231 | 7.7% | 27.2K / 26K |
| 3 | 40–44 | 52,252 | 7.6% | 26.3K / 26K |
| 4 | 45–49 | 50,072 | 7.3% | 25.2K / 24.8K |
| 5 | 55–59 | 47,252 | 6.9% | 24.3K / 22.9K |
Sex ratio and the balance by age
In the 2026 projection, Luxembourg has 346,244 males and 341,204 females. That is 101.5 males per 100 females, ranking #56 when the dataset is ordered from the highest male-to-female ratio to the lowest.
Males account for 50.4% of the population and females for 49.6%. There are 5,040 more males than females overall. Among people aged 65 and older, the ratio is 86.8 males per 100 females.
The overall balance can conceal large differences by age; how sex ratios change with age explains the usual pattern. The ratio reflects the male/female categories in the UN source and is not a measure of gender identity. Compare all profiles in the sex-ratio ranking.
At birth, 105.4 boys are projected to be born for every 100 girls in 2026, close to the biological norm of about 105 (compare the sex ratio at birth ranking). The ratio at birth sets the balance at the base of the pyramid; how it changes with age then depends on survival and migration.
How Luxembourg has changed since 1950
The population has increased from 296,570 in 1950 to 687,448 in 2026, a change of 132%. Over the same span, median age moved from 33.9 to 39.7 years.
The under-15 share changed from 20.2% to 15.7%, while the share aged 65 and older changed from 9.7% to 16.2%. These shifts show why total population growth and age-structure change need to be read separately.
How the population could change by 2050
Under the UN medium scenario, Luxembourg’s population is projected to grow by about 15%, reaching 791,464 in 2050. The median age changes from 39.7 to 45.6 years.
The 65+ share is projected to rise by 9.8 percentage points to 26.0%. At the same time, the under-15 share is projected at 13.5%. How UN projections work explains the assumptions behind these figures.
The annual UN series reaches its highest projected population of 800,796 in 2061. That turning point depends on the medium scenario and may move in later revisions. Compare timing across countries in the population peak ranking.
Population trend: 1950–2100
Mid-year population for every year. Estimates through 2023; dashed line shows the UN medium projection.
| Year | Population | Median age | Fertility | Life exp. | Births | Deaths | Net migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 296,570 | 33.9 | 1.96 | 65.5 | 4,381 | 3,647 | +820 | +0.5% |
| 1960 | 313,878 | 34.1 | 2.28 | 68.8 | 5,047 | 3,668 | +61 | +0.5% |
| 1970 | 339,332 | 34.3 | 1.97 | 69.2 | 4,380 | 4,191 | +853 | +0.3% |
| 1980 | 363,705 | 33.9 | 1.50 | 72.4 | 4,190 | 4,154 | +840 | +0.2% |
| 1990 | 381,700 | 35.3 | 1.60 | 75.0 | 4,899 | 3,846 | +3,992 | +1.3% |
| 2000 | 436,132 | 36.2 | 1.76 | 77.3 | 5,564 | 3,871 | +4,516 | +1.4% |
| 2010 | 507,410 | 38.0 | 1.62 | 80.1 | 5,757 | 3,857 | +7,909 | +1.9% |
| 2020 | 630,597 | 38.6 | 1.36 | 81.4 | 6,389 | 4,715 | +6,967 | +1.4% |
| 2023 | 665,098 | 38.9 | 1.40 | 82.2 | 6,946 | 4,642 | +5,905 | +1.2% |
| 2024* | 673,036 | 39.2 | 1.40 | 82.4 | 6,941 | 4,956 | +5,677 | +1.1% |
| 2026* | 687,448 | 39.7 | 1.41 | 82.6 | 6,943 | 5,061 | +4,938 | +1.0% |
| 2030* | 713,667 | 40.9 | 1.43 | 83.2 | 6,742 | 5,322 | +4,464 | +0.8% |
| 2040* | 762,673 | 44.0 | 1.46 | 84.5 | 6,543 | 6,395 | +3,655 | +0.5% |
| 2050* | 791,464 | 45.6 | 1.48 | 85.8 | 6,895 | 7,862 | +2,736 | +0.2% |
| 2060* | 800,675 | 46.5 | 1.50 | 86.9 | 6,845 | 8,961 | +2,207 | +0.0% |
| 2070* | 796,328 | 47.3 | 1.52 | 88.0 | 6,523 | 9,436 | +1,572 | -0.2% |
| 2080* | 782,395 | 48.1 | 1.52 | 89.1 | 6,461 | 9,798 | +1,682 | -0.2% |
| 2090* | 764,384 | 48.2 | 1.53 | 90.1 | 6,330 | 9,325 | +1,340 | -0.2% |
| 2100* | 747,990 | 48.9 | 1.54 | 91.1 | 6,044 | 8,685 | +863 | -0.2% |
* 2024 onward is the UN medium projection. Fertility is births per woman; life expectancy is years at birth; births, deaths, and net migration are counts for that calendar year.
Download every year, 1950–2100 (CSV)
2026 population by age and sex
The table provides the counts behind the chart. Age groups are five-year bands, with everyone aged 100 or older combined.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 18,149 | 17,363 | 35,512 | 5.2% |
| 5–9 | 18,238 | 17,636 | 35,874 | 5.2% |
| 10–14 | 18,773 | 17,803 | 36,576 | 5.3% |
| 15–19 | 18,624 | 17,761 | 36,385 | 5.3% |
| 20–24 | 19,778 | 18,280 | 38,058 | 5.5% |
| 25–29 | 23,450 | 21,904 | 45,354 | 6.6% |
| 30–34 | 27,234 | 25,997 | 53,231 | 7.7% |
| 35–39 | 27,883 | 26,926 | 54,809 | 8.0% |
| 40–44 | 26,296 | 25,956 | 52,252 | 7.6% |
| 45–49 | 25,244 | 24,828 | 50,072 | 7.3% |
| 50–54 | 24,067 | 23,093 | 47,160 | 6.9% |
| 55–59 | 24,328 | 22,924 | 47,252 | 6.9% |
| 60–64 | 22,468 | 21,157 | 43,625 | 6.3% |
| 65–69 | 17,500 | 17,454 | 34,954 | 5.1% |
| 70–74 | 13,091 | 14,198 | 27,289 | 4.0% |
| 75–79 | 9,921 | 11,107 | 21,028 | 3.1% |
| 80–84 | 6,194 | 7,745 | 13,939 | 2.0% |
| 85–89 | 3,386 | 5,436 | 8,822 | 1.3% |
| 90–94 | 1,310 | 2,677 | 3,987 | 0.6% |
| 95–99 | 292 | 851 | 1,143 | 0.2% |
| 100+ | 20 | 108 | 128 | 0.0% |
Countries with the most similar age structure
These profiles have the 2026 age distributions closest to Luxembourg’s, measured by the total difference in the share of the population in each five-year band. Similar shapes can arise from very different histories, so the match is a starting point for comparison, not an explanation.
- Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba97% overlap · median age 39.7
- Cyprus96% overlap · median age 39.1
- Chile96% overlap · median age 37.4
- Thailand96% overlap · median age 41.0
- Mauritius95% overlap · median age 38.3
- Dominica95% overlap · median age 36.6
To calculate school-age, working-age, or older groups with other boundaries, use the age-group calculator for Luxembourg.
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APA
World Population Pyramid. (2026, October 19). Luxembourg Population Pyramid 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/luxembourg/
MLA
“Luxembourg Population Pyramid 2026.” World Population Pyramid, 19 Oct. 2026, worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/luxembourg/.
Chicago
World Population Pyramid. “Luxembourg Population Pyramid 2026.” Last modified October 19, 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/luxembourg/.
Underlying data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Luxembourg in 2026?
Under the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium scenario, Luxembourg's population in 2026 is projected at 687,448.
What is the median age in Luxembourg?
The projected median age in Luxembourg in 2026 is 39.7 years: half the population is younger and half is older.
What is the fertility rate in Luxembourg?
The projected total fertility rate in 2026 is 1.41 births per woman, below the replacement level of about 2.1 in low-mortality populations.
Is Luxembourg's population projected to grow?
Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario indicates the population will grow by about 15%, from 687.4K to 791.5K.
What share of Luxembourg is aged 65 or older?
In 2026, 16.2% of the projected population is aged 65 or older. By 2050, the medium scenario places the share at 26.0%.
How many babies are born in Luxembourg each year?
The UN medium scenario projects 6,943 births and 5,061 deaths in 2026, about 19 births a day. Births exceed deaths by 1,882.
What is life expectancy in Luxembourg for men and women?
Life expectancy at birth in 2026 is projected at 84.2 years for women and 81.1 years for men, a gap of 3.1 years in favour of women.
Does Luxembourg have more immigrants or emigrants?
Luxembourg is projected to gain about 4,938 more people through migration than it loses in 2026. Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates cumulative net migration of +193,854.
What is the sex ratio in Luxembourg?
The projected 2026 population sex ratio is 101.5 males per 100 females. This all-age ratio is different from the sex ratio at birth and can vary substantially by age.
Sources and notes
- United Nations, DESA, Population Division: World Population Prospects 2024, medium scenario.
- Population values are mid-year figures. Source values published in thousands are converted to people; displayed figures may imply more precision than is appropriate for planning.
- Historical values through 2023 are estimates. Values from 2024 onward are projections.
- Calculations follow the site methodology.