Lithuania population pyramid 2026
2,797,338 people in 2026 (projected). Lithuania’s pyramid combines 35 years of population loss with a twist: men outnumber women at ages 25–49, but older women outnumber men two to one.
- 2026 population
- 2.8Mrank 143 of 237
- Median age
- 42.6 yearsoldest rank 42
- Fertility rate
- 1.22births per woman · below replacement
- Structure
- Older21.3% age 65+
Lithuania population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
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The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Lithuania age distribution in 2026
Children under 15 account for 14.3% of the population, while 21.3% are aged 65 or older. The remaining 64.4% are in the conventional working-age range of 15–64. On these shares, the site classifies Lithuania’s age structure as older; the guide to constrictive population pyramids explains what that shape implies.
The total age dependency ratio is 55.3: about 55 people under 15 or 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64 (22.2 children and 33.1 older people). This is an age-balance indicator, not a literal count of economic dependants per worker.
What shapes Lithuania’s population pyramid
War losses and a long male mortality gap
The 1950 pyramid shows a sharp shortage of men at ages 25–39, with women outnumbering men by almost 40% in their thirties. It reflects the violence of the 1940s, which in Lithuania included wartime deaths, the Holocaust, Soviet deportations and post-war armed resistance. Those cohorts are long gone, but a newer imbalance has replaced them at the top of the chart. Male life expectancy in 2026 is about 71.8 years, more than nine years below the female figure of 81.1, and life expectancy overall improved only slightly between 1970 and 1990. As a result the sex ratio falls to about 82 men per 100 women at 60–64, 60 at 70–74 and 40 at 80–84.
Emigration after 1990
Lithuania’s population peaked at about 3.7 million in 1991 and is now about 2.8 million, a fall of almost a quarter. Two forces drove it. Fertility dropped from about 2.0 in 1990 to 1.4 by 2000 and is now about 1.2, and deaths have outnumbered births every year since 1994; in 2026 there are nearly two deaths for each birth. Emigration added to the loss: net migration between 2000 and 2023 was about −340,000, with many young adults leaving for the United Kingdom, Ireland and other European countries after EU accession in 2004. The country appears among the fastest declining populations.
The widest bands in 2026 are at 30–39, people born about 1987–96 in the last years of higher fertility. Below them, the 20–24 band and the 0–4 band, about 110,000 children, are much narrower.
A notable feature is the male surplus between ages 25 and 49, peaking at about 112 men per 100 women at 40–44. The surplus is larger than in neighbouring Latvia, where the ratio peaks at about 107, and stands out in a country where men die on average more than nine years younger than women. It coincides with recent arrivals of labour migrants and others from countries to the east, many of them men, and possibly with more emigration among women, but the chart alone cannot establish the cause. The overall age structure resembles that of neighbouring Latvia, as well as, more surprisingly, Austria and Switzerland, where similar median ages result from quite different histories.
Under the medium scenario the population falls to about 2.3 million in 2050 and 1.2 million in 2100, when the median age would be about 55.
What to notice across the years
Distinctive cohorts and turning points
No five-year band under age 80 is more than 10% larger or smaller than both of its neighbours, so Lithuania’s 2026 pyramid has a comparatively smooth profile without sharp bulges or notches.
Deaths have exceeded births every year since 1994. People aged 65 and older came to outnumber children under 15 between 2005 and 2010.
Births, deaths, and migration
A pyramid changes in only three ways: births add to the base, deaths remove people at every age, and migration adds or removes people mainly in young adulthood. In 2026, Lithuania is projected to record 21,457 births (about 59 births a day) and 39,704 deaths, a natural decrease of 18,247. Net migration adds −4,846 people, ranking #173 in the net migration rate ranking.
Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates 701,773 births, 1,005,461 deaths, and cumulative net migration of −340,385. Over that period migration moved the total more than the balance of births and deaths did. See how migration shapes a pyramid and birth rate versus fertility rate. The medium scenario assumes net migration of −67,627 between 2026 and 2050.
Annual values 1950–2100; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection. The trend table below lists the values by decade.
Life expectancy and mortality
- Life expectancy, women
- 81.1 years69.1 in 1950
- Life expectancy, men
- 71.8 years62.6 in 1950
- Further years at 65
- 17.9 yearsboth sexes
- Infant mortality
- 2.9per 1,000 births · 53 in 1950
- Under-five mortality
- 3.6per 1,000 births
- Mother’s mean age at birth
- 30.7 yearssex ratio at birth 105.3
Women in Lithuania are projected to live 9.3 years longer than men, which is why the female side of the pyramid widens relative to the other at older ages (see the life expectancy gap ranking). Infant mortality has fallen from 53 to 2.9 deaths per 1,000 live births since 1950, ranking #203 of 237 in the infant mortality ranking (highest first). A mean age at childbearing of 30.7 years sets the spacing between generations, and so how far apart echo cohorts sit in the pyramid.
Median age, fertility rate, and global ranks for Lithuania
The median age of 42.6 years splits the population into two equal halves. A total fertility rate of 1.22 births per woman is below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, and life expectancy at birth is 76.5 years.
These ranks compare all 237 countries and areas in this dataset using the same 2026 UN medium projection. Ranks use the stored source precision, so displayed rounding can make adjacent values look identical; small differences should not be overinterpreted.
| Indicator | 2026 value | Global rank | Ranking direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 2,797,338 | #143 | Largest first |
| Median age | 42.6 years | #42 | Oldest first |
| Fertility rate | 1.22 | #217 | Highest first |
| Annual growth | -0.8% | #225 | Fastest first |
| Life expectancy | 76.5 years | #113 | Highest first |
| Population aged 65+ | 21.3% | #35 | Highest share first |
Largest age groups in Lithuania
The five largest cohorts identify where the 2026 population is concentrated. They can reflect past birth patterns, survival, and migration; the chart alone does not establish which cause dominates.
| Rank | Age group | Population | Share of total | Male / female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 35–39 | 206,657 | 7.4% | 110K / 96.7K |
| 2 | 30–34 | 197,555 | 7.1% | 103.4K / 94.2K |
| 3 | 60–64 | 196,731 | 7.0% | 88.5K / 108.2K |
| 4 | 55–59 | 195,293 | 7.0% | 92K / 103.3K |
| 5 | 65–69 | 189,539 | 6.8% | 78.8K / 110.7K |
Sex ratio and the balance by age
In the 2026 projection, Lithuania has 1,321,708 males and 1,475,630 females. That is 89.6 males per 100 females, ranking #221 when the dataset is ordered from the highest male-to-female ratio to the lowest.
Males account for 47.2% of the population and females for 52.8%. There are 153,922 more females than males overall. Among people aged 65 and older, the ratio is 54.0 males per 100 females.
The overall balance can conceal large differences by age; how sex ratios change with age explains the usual pattern. The ratio reflects the male/female categories in the UN source and is not a measure of gender identity. Compare all profiles in the sex-ratio ranking.
At birth, 105.3 boys are projected to be born for every 100 girls in 2026, close to the biological norm of about 105 (compare the sex ratio at birth ranking). The ratio at birth sets the balance at the base of the pyramid; how it changes with age then depends on survival and migration.
How Lithuania has changed since 1950
The population has increased from 2,432,996 in 1950 to 2,797,338 in 2026, a change of 15%. Over the same span, median age moved from 25.1 to 42.6 years.
The under-15 share changed from 28.9% to 14.3%, while the share aged 65 and older changed from 7.5% to 21.3%. These shifts show why total population growth and age-structure change need to be read separately.
How the population could change by 2050
Under the UN medium scenario, Lithuania’s population is projected to decline by about 19%, reaching 2,258,774 in 2050. The median age changes from 42.6 to 50.3 years.
The 65+ share is projected to rise by 7.3 percentage points to 28.6%. At the same time, the under-15 share is projected at 11.4%. How UN projections work explains the assumptions behind these figures.
The annual UN series reaches its highest estimated population of 3,701,407 in 1991. Historical population totals are estimates rather than exact head counts. Compare timing across countries in the population peak ranking.
Population trend: 1950–2100
Mid-year population for every year. Estimates through 2023; dashed line shows the UN medium projection.
| Year | Population | Median age | Fertility | Life exp. | Births | Deaths | Net migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 2,432,996 | 25.1 | 2.71 | 66.1 | 53,541 | 28,829 | 0 | +1.0% |
| 1960 | 2,769,095 | 27.5 | 2.62 | 70.3 | 62,765 | 21,429 | +2,328 | +1.6% |
| 1970 | 3,135,872 | 29.8 | 2.40 | 71.1 | 55,140 | 27,933 | +6,530 | +1.1% |
| 1980 | 3,428,419 | 30.8 | 2.00 | 70.7 | 51,567 | 35,620 | +7,412 | +0.7% |
| 1990 | 3,695,012 | 31.5 | 2.03 | 71.4 | 56,980 | 39,786 | −8,840 | +0.2% |
| 2000 | 3,500,402 | 35.0 | 1.38 | 72.1 | 34,162 | 39,041 | −16,077 | -0.6% |
| 2010 | 3,097,720 | 39.7 | 1.50 | 73.2 | 31,778 | 42,142 | −78,887 | -2.9% |
| 2020 | 2,795,765 | 43.2 | 1.49 | 75.1 | 25,191 | 43,553 | +19,884 | +0.1% |
| 2023 | 2,854,099 | 42.1 | 1.20 | 76.0 | 21,434 | 40,940 | +44,935 | +0.9% |
| 2024* | 2,859,110 | 42.0 | 1.21 | 76.2 | 22,186 | 40,207 | +2,617 | -0.5% |
| 2026* | 2,797,338 | 42.6 | 1.22 | 76.5 | 21,457 | 39,704 | −4,846 | -0.8% |
| 2030* | 2,706,358 | 43.8 | 1.25 | 77.1 | 19,969 | 38,777 | −3,277 | -0.8% |
| 2040* | 2,484,835 | 47.4 | 1.31 | 78.6 | 17,620 | 37,678 | −2,213 | -0.9% |
| 2050* | 2,258,774 | 50.3 | 1.35 | 80.2 | 16,216 | 37,511 | −2,098 | -1.0% |
| 2060* | 2,018,844 | 51.6 | 1.39 | 81.7 | 12,636 | 34,524 | −2,001 | -1.2% |
| 2070* | 1,792,884 | 53.7 | 1.41 | 83.1 | 11,174 | 31,531 | −1,155 | -1.2% |
| 2080* | 1,579,986 | 55.4 | 1.43 | 84.4 | 10,257 | 30,157 | −1,300 | -1.3% |
| 2090* | 1,377,668 | 55.2 | 1.44 | 85.6 | 8,457 | 26,295 | −906 | -1.4% |
| 2100* | 1,208,675 | 55.4 | 1.45 | 86.8 | 7,407 | 22,314 | −796 | -1.3% |
* 2024 onward is the UN medium projection. Fertility is births per woman; life expectancy is years at birth; births, deaths, and net migration are counts for that calendar year.
Download every year, 1950–2100 (CSV)
2026 population by age and sex
The table provides the counts behind the chart. Age groups are five-year bands, with everyone aged 100 or older combined.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 56,501 | 53,633 | 110,134 | 3.9% |
| 5–9 | 72,439 | 68,413 | 140,852 | 5.0% |
| 10–14 | 76,337 | 72,493 | 148,830 | 5.3% |
| 15–19 | 72,448 | 69,341 | 141,789 | 5.1% |
| 20–24 | 72,144 | 69,858 | 142,002 | 5.1% |
| 25–29 | 87,682 | 82,935 | 170,617 | 6.1% |
| 30–34 | 103,354 | 94,201 | 197,555 | 7.1% |
| 35–39 | 109,995 | 96,662 | 206,657 | 7.4% |
| 40–44 | 99,636 | 88,993 | 188,629 | 6.7% |
| 45–49 | 89,691 | 84,850 | 174,541 | 6.2% |
| 50–54 | 91,940 | 95,320 | 187,260 | 6.7% |
| 55–59 | 91,978 | 103,315 | 195,293 | 7.0% |
| 60–64 | 88,504 | 108,227 | 196,731 | 7.0% |
| 65–69 | 78,821 | 110,718 | 189,539 | 6.8% |
| 70–74 | 51,946 | 86,632 | 138,578 | 5.0% |
| 75–79 | 35,948 | 73,064 | 109,012 | 3.9% |
| 80–84 | 22,551 | 55,986 | 78,537 | 2.8% |
| 85–89 | 13,897 | 40,038 | 53,935 | 1.9% |
| 90–94 | 4,896 | 16,885 | 21,781 | 0.8% |
| 95–99 | 923 | 3,712 | 4,635 | 0.2% |
| 100+ | 77 | 357 | 434 | 0.0% |
Countries with the most similar age structure
These profiles have the 2026 age distributions closest to Lithuania’s, measured by the total difference in the share of the population in each five-year band. Similar shapes can arise from very different histories, so the match is a starting point for comparison, not an explanation.
- Austria97% overlap · median age 43.9
- Switzerland97% overlap · median age 43.2
- Guernsey96% overlap · median age 44.5
- Latvia96% overlap · median age 43.8
- Canada96% overlap · median age 40.8
- Belgium96% overlap · median age 42.1
To calculate school-age, working-age, or older groups with other boundaries, use the age-group calculator for Lithuania.
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APA
World Population Pyramid. (2026, October 19). Lithuania Population Pyramid 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/lithuania/
MLA
“Lithuania Population Pyramid 2026.” World Population Pyramid, 19 Oct. 2026, worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/lithuania/.
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World Population Pyramid. “Lithuania Population Pyramid 2026.” Last modified October 19, 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/lithuania/.
Underlying data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Lithuania in 2026?
Under the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium scenario, Lithuania's population in 2026 is projected at 2,797,338.
What is the median age in Lithuania?
The projected median age in Lithuania in 2026 is 42.6 years: half the population is younger and half is older.
What is the fertility rate in Lithuania?
The projected total fertility rate in 2026 is 1.22 births per woman, below the replacement level of about 2.1 in low-mortality populations.
Is Lithuania's population projected to grow?
Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario indicates the population will decline by about 19%, from 2.8M to 2.3M.
What share of Lithuania is aged 65 or older?
In 2026, 21.3% of the projected population is aged 65 or older. By 2050, the medium scenario places the share at 28.6%.
How many babies are born in Lithuania each year?
The UN medium scenario projects 21,457 births and 39,704 deaths in 2026, about 59 births a day. Deaths exceed births by 18,247.
What is life expectancy in Lithuania for men and women?
Life expectancy at birth in 2026 is projected at 81.1 years for women and 71.8 years for men, a gap of 9.3 years in favour of women.
Does Lithuania have more immigrants or emigrants?
Lithuania is projected to lose about 4,846 more people through emigration than it gains in 2026. Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates cumulative net migration of −340,385.
What is the sex ratio in Lithuania?
The projected 2026 population sex ratio is 89.6 males per 100 females. This all-age ratio is different from the sex ratio at birth and can vary substantially by age.
Sources and notes
- United Nations, DESA, Population Division: World Population Prospects 2024, medium scenario.
- Population values are mid-year figures. Source values published in thousands are converted to people; displayed figures may imply more precision than is appropriate for planning.
- Historical values through 2023 are estimates. Values from 2024 onward are projections.
- Calculations follow the site methodology.