Peru population pyramid 2026
Latin America and the Caribbean · South America
34,922,148 people in 2026 (projected). Peru’s pyramid has already lost its broad base: the widest bands in 2026 are ages 15–29, and the 0–4 band is smaller than it was in 2000.
- 2026 population
- 34.9Mrank 48 of 237
- Median age
- 30.5 yearsoldest rank 132
- Fertility rate
- 1.93births per woman · below replacement
- Structure
- Transitional9.7% age 65+
Peru population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
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The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Peru age distribution in 2026
Children under 15 account for 23.3% of the population, while 9.7% are aged 65 or older. The remaining 67.0% are in the conventional working-age range of 15–64. On these shares, the site classifies Peru’s age structure as transitional; the guide to population pyramid types explains what that shape implies.
The total age dependency ratio is 49.2: about 49 people under 15 or 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64 (34.7 children and 14.5 older people). This is an age-balance indicator, not a literal count of economic dependants per worker.
What shapes Peru’s population pyramid
From a triangle to a beehive
The Peru 1950 pyramid is a near-perfect triangle, built on a total fertility rate of about seven children per woman and infant mortality of around 150 per 1,000 births. Fertility began to fall in the 1960s and dropped steadily for four decades, to about 3.9 in 1990, 2.9 in 2000 and just under 2 by 2023, below the replacement level.
That decline is visible in the shape of the base. The 0–4 band was the widest in every pyramid until about 2000, when the bands at 0–14 were almost equal in size. By 2026 the widest bands are at ages 15–29, people born roughly between 1997 and 2011, and each younger band is a little narrower. The pyramid below 40 now looks more like a beehive than a triangle, a shape it shares with Mexico and Ecuador, its closest matches in 2026.
Emigration and the gap in the thirties
The UN estimates net emigration of about one million people between 1950 and 1999, and a further 1.7 million between 2000 and 2023, much of it to the United States, Spain, Argentina and Chile. Since the late 2010s Peru has also received many migrants from Venezuela, which partly offsets those losses in the most recent years.
A trace of this movement appears in the sex ratio. Boys outnumber girls at birth, about 104 to 100, yet by ages 30–34 there are only about 96 men per 100 women, before the ratio returns close to balance at 40–54. That dip at working ages is consistent with more men than women among those who left, though the chart alone cannot separate migration from other factors. Above 70 women increasingly predominate, reflecting a life-expectancy gap of about four and a half years.
Growth slowing towards a peak
Life expectancy rose from 46 in 1950 to almost 78 in 2023, so most of each cohort now survives into old age, and the top of the pyramid is filling in. People aged 65 and over make up about 10% of the population in 2026 and are projected to reach about 18% by 2050.
Under the UN medium scenario Peru grows to about 40.6 million by 2050 and peaks at around 41.7 million in 2066; deaths first exceed births a year later. By 2100 the population is about 38 million, with a median age near 49 and almost a third of residents aged 65 or over.
What to notice across the years
Distinctive cohorts and turning points
No five-year band under age 80 is more than 10% larger or smaller than both of its neighbours, so Peru’s 2026 pyramid has a comparatively smooth profile without sharp bulges or notches.
Births outnumber deaths in 2026; the medium scenario projects deaths to exceed births from 2067. People aged 65 and older are projected to outnumber children under 15 by 2050.
Births, deaths, and migration
A pyramid changes in only three ways: births add to the base, deaths remove people at every age, and migration adds or removes people mainly in young adulthood. In 2026, Peru is projected to record 532,846 births (about one birth every 59 seconds) and 200,302 deaths, a natural increase of 332,544. Net migration adds +6,707 people, ranking #89 in the net migration rate ranking.
Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates 13,878,754 births, 4,535,744 deaths, and cumulative net migration of −1,710,521. Over that period the balance of births and deaths moved the total more than migration did. See how migration shapes a pyramid and birth rate versus fertility rate. The medium scenario assumes net migration of −98,809 between 2026 and 2050.
Annual values 1950–2100; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection. The trend table below lists the values by decade.
Life expectancy and mortality
- Life expectancy, women
- 80.6 years47.5 in 1950
- Life expectancy, men
- 76.0 years44.6 in 1950
- Further years at 65
- 19.6 yearsboth sexes
- Infant mortality
- 9.6per 1,000 births · 152 in 1950
- Under-five mortality
- 12.1per 1,000 births
- Mother’s mean age at birth
- 28.9 yearssex ratio at birth 104.1
Women in Peru are projected to live 4.6 years longer than men, which is why the female side of the pyramid widens relative to the other at older ages (see the life expectancy gap ranking). Infant mortality has fallen from 152 to 9.6 deaths per 1,000 live births since 1950, ranking #119 of 237 in the infant mortality ranking (highest first). A mean age at childbearing of 28.9 years sets the spacing between generations, and so how far apart echo cohorts sit in the pyramid.
Median age, fertility rate, and global ranks for Peru
The median age of 30.5 years splits the population into two equal halves. A total fertility rate of 1.93 births per woman is below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, and life expectancy at birth is 78.3 years.
These ranks compare all 237 countries and areas in this dataset using the same 2026 UN medium projection. Ranks use the stored source precision, so displayed rounding can make adjacent values look identical; small differences should not be overinterpreted.
| Indicator | 2026 value | Global rank | Ranking direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 34,922,148 | #48 | Largest first |
| Median age | 30.5 years | #132 | Oldest first |
| Fertility rate | 1.93 | #114 | Highest first |
| Annual growth | +1.0% | #99 | Fastest first |
| Life expectancy | 78.3 years | #80 | Highest first |
| Population aged 65+ | 9.7% | #122 | Highest share first |
Largest age groups in Peru
The five largest cohorts identify where the 2026 population is concentrated. They can reflect past birth patterns, survival, and migration; the chart alone does not establish which cause dominates.
| Rank | Age group | Population | Share of total | Male / female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15–19 | 2,873,049 | 8.2% | 1.5M / 1.4M |
| 2 | 20–24 | 2,835,429 | 8.1% | 1.4M / 1.4M |
| 3 | 25–29 | 2,771,070 | 7.9% | 1.4M / 1.4M |
| 4 | 10–14 | 2,759,630 | 7.9% | 1.4M / 1.4M |
| 5 | 30–34 | 2,753,052 | 7.9% | 1.4M / 1.4M |
Sex ratio and the balance by age
In the 2026 projection, Peru has 17,362,376 males and 17,559,771 females. That is 98.9 males per 100 females, ranking #98 when the dataset is ordered from the highest male-to-female ratio to the lowest.
Males account for 49.7% of the population and females for 50.3%. There are 197,395 more females than males overall. Among people aged 65 and older, the ratio is 85.9 males per 100 females.
The overall balance can conceal large differences by age; how sex ratios change with age explains the usual pattern. The ratio reflects the male/female categories in the UN source and is not a measure of gender identity. Compare all profiles in the sex-ratio ranking.
At birth, 104.1 boys are projected to be born for every 100 girls in 2026, close to the biological norm of about 105 (compare the sex ratio at birth ranking). The ratio at birth sets the balance at the base of the pyramid; how it changes with age then depends on survival and migration.
How Peru has changed since 1950
The population has increased from 7,677,414 in 1950 to 34,922,148 in 2026, a change of 355%. Over the same span, median age moved from 17.9 to 30.5 years.
The under-15 share changed from 42.0% to 23.3%, while the share aged 65 and older changed from 3.4% to 9.7%. These shifts show why total population growth and age-structure change need to be read separately. See the Peru population pyramid in 1950 for the full starting shape.
How the population could change by 2050
Under the UN medium scenario, Peru’s population is projected to grow by about 16%, reaching 40,583,876 in 2050. The median age changes from 30.5 to 39.1 years.
The 65+ share is projected to rise by 8.0 percentage points to 17.7%. At the same time, the under-15 share is projected at 17.6%. The Peru population pyramid for 2050 shows the projected shape in detail. How UN projections work explains the assumptions behind these figures.
The annual UN series reaches its highest projected population of 41,700,245 in 2066. That turning point depends on the medium scenario and may move in later revisions. Compare timing across countries in the population peak ranking.
Population trend: 1950–2100
Mid-year population for every year. Estimates through 2023; dashed line shows the UN medium projection.
| Year | Population | Median age | Fertility | Life exp. | Births | Deaths | Net migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 7,677,414 | 17.9 | 6.94 | 46.0 | 368,545 | 155,990 | −97 | +2.8% |
| 1960 | 10,174,127 | 17.1 | 6.94 | 50.6 | 477,302 | 174,379 | −7,236 | +2.9% |
| 1970 | 13,501,237 | 16.8 | 6.32 | 47.7 | 572,069 | 254,057 | −15,653 | +2.2% |
| 1980 | 17,360,949 | 17.4 | 5.04 | 60.0 | 633,522 | 188,411 | −11,446 | +2.5% |
| 1990 | 22,014,771 | 18.8 | 3.91 | 64.0 | 685,187 | 169,964 | −29,437 | +2.2% |
| 2000 | 26,598,331 | 21.4 | 2.85 | 69.8 | 633,999 | 149,772 | −92,353 | +1.5% |
| 2010 | 29,086,019 | 25.2 | 2.42 | 72.9 | 578,360 | 195,845 | −181,302 | +0.7% |
| 2020 | 32,838,580 | 28.5 | 2.06 | 73.8 | 545,443 | 243,510 | +55,375 | +1.1% |
| 2023 | 33,845,617 | 29.5 | 1.98 | 77.7 | 539,623 | 185,861 | +24,783 | +1.1% |
| 2024* | 34,217,848 | 29.8 | 1.96 | 77.9 | 538,952 | 191,443 | +18,406 | +1.1% |
| 2026* | 34,922,148 | 30.5 | 1.93 | 78.3 | 532,846 | 200,302 | +6,707 | +1.0% |
| 2030* | 36,193,880 | 32.0 | 1.87 | 79.0 | 520,799 | 217,406 | −4,520 | +0.8% |
| 2040* | 38,794,649 | 35.5 | 1.79 | 80.7 | 488,629 | 262,855 | −4,998 | +0.6% |
| 2050* | 40,583,876 | 39.1 | 1.74 | 82.3 | 455,111 | 313,820 | −4,548 | +0.3% |
| 2060* | 41,535,486 | 42.0 | 1.72 | 83.8 | 427,685 | 369,933 | −4,830 | +0.1% |
| 2070* | 41,644,885 | 44.5 | 1.70 | 85.1 | 399,351 | 425,012 | −4,659 | -0.1% |
| 2080* | 40,981,474 | 46.4 | 1.70 | 86.3 | 374,085 | 469,378 | −4,651 | -0.2% |
| 2090* | 39,736,467 | 47.8 | 1.69 | 87.3 | 350,439 | 490,808 | −4,025 | -0.4% |
| 2100* | 38,163,318 | 48.9 | 1.68 | 88.4 | 327,342 | 490,857 | −3,669 | -0.4% |
* 2024 onward is the UN medium projection. Fertility is births per woman; life expectancy is years at birth; births, deaths, and net migration are counts for that calendar year.
Download every year, 1950–2100 (CSV)
2026 population by age and sex
The table provides the counts behind the chart. Age groups are five-year bands, with everyone aged 100 or older combined.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 1,358,512 | 1,308,764 | 2,667,276 | 7.6% |
| 5–9 | 1,373,945 | 1,325,297 | 2,699,242 | 7.7% |
| 10–14 | 1,404,018 | 1,355,612 | 2,759,630 | 7.9% |
| 15–19 | 1,459,556 | 1,413,493 | 2,873,049 | 8.2% |
| 20–24 | 1,430,719 | 1,404,710 | 2,835,429 | 8.1% |
| 25–29 | 1,376,806 | 1,394,264 | 2,771,070 | 7.9% |
| 30–34 | 1,350,036 | 1,403,016 | 2,753,052 | 7.9% |
| 35–39 | 1,304,911 | 1,348,074 | 2,652,985 | 7.6% |
| 40–44 | 1,187,469 | 1,215,428 | 2,402,897 | 6.9% |
| 45–49 | 1,068,129 | 1,079,192 | 2,147,321 | 6.1% |
| 50–54 | 977,805 | 972,048 | 1,949,853 | 5.6% |
| 55–59 | 831,518 | 827,179 | 1,658,697 | 4.7% |
| 60–64 | 672,148 | 688,697 | 1,360,845 | 3.9% |
| 65–69 | 538,431 | 575,539 | 1,113,970 | 3.2% |
| 70–74 | 414,101 | 462,852 | 876,953 | 2.5% |
| 75–79 | 293,892 | 346,115 | 640,007 | 1.8% |
| 80–84 | 179,591 | 223,688 | 403,279 | 1.2% |
| 85–89 | 96,865 | 134,778 | 231,643 | 0.7% |
| 90–94 | 35,962 | 61,824 | 97,786 | 0.3% |
| 95–99 | 7,142 | 16,559 | 23,701 | 0.1% |
| 100+ | 823 | 2,641 | 3,464 | 0.0% |
Countries with the most similar age structure
These profiles have the 2026 age distributions closest to Peru’s, measured by the total difference in the share of the population in each five-year band. Similar shapes can arise from very different histories, so the match is a starting point for comparison, not an explanation.
- Mexico98% overlap · median age 30.0
- Ecuador98% overlap · median age 29.7
- Panama98% overlap · median age 30.6
- Myanmar97% overlap · median age 30.4
- India97% overlap · median age 29.2
- Morocco97% overlap · median age 30.1
To calculate school-age, working-age, or older groups with other boundaries, use the age-group calculator for Peru.
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APA
World Population Pyramid. (2026, October 19). Peru Population Pyramid 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/peru/
MLA
“Peru Population Pyramid 2026.” World Population Pyramid, 19 Oct. 2026, worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/peru/.
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World Population Pyramid. “Peru Population Pyramid 2026.” Last modified October 19, 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/peru/.
Underlying data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Peru in 2026?
Under the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium scenario, Peru's population in 2026 is projected at 34,922,148.
What is the median age in Peru?
The projected median age in Peru in 2026 is 30.5 years: half the population is younger and half is older.
What is the fertility rate in Peru?
The projected total fertility rate in 2026 is 1.93 births per woman, below the replacement level of about 2.1 in low-mortality populations.
Is Peru's population projected to grow?
Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario indicates the population will grow by about 16%, from 34.9M to 40.6M.
What share of Peru is aged 65 or older?
In 2026, 9.7% of the projected population is aged 65 or older. By 2050, the medium scenario places the share at 17.7%.
How many babies are born in Peru each year?
The UN medium scenario projects 532,846 births and 200,302 deaths in 2026, about one birth every 59 seconds. Births exceed deaths by 332,544.
What is life expectancy in Peru for men and women?
Life expectancy at birth in 2026 is projected at 80.6 years for women and 76.0 years for men, a gap of 4.6 years in favour of women.
Does Peru have more immigrants or emigrants?
Peru is projected to gain about 6,707 more people through migration than it loses in 2026. Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates cumulative net migration of −1,710,521.
What is the sex ratio in Peru?
The projected 2026 population sex ratio is 98.9 males per 100 females. This all-age ratio is different from the sex ratio at birth and can vary substantially by age.
Sources and notes
- United Nations, DESA, Population Division: World Population Prospects 2024, medium scenario.
- Population values are mid-year figures. Source values published in thousands are converted to people; displayed figures may imply more precision than is appropriate for planning.
- Historical values through 2023 are estimates. Values from 2024 onward are projections.
- Calculations follow the site methodology.