Colombia population pyramid 2026
Latin America and the Caribbean · South America
53,936,226 people in 2026 (projected). Colombia’s pyramid has lost its broad base within one generation: the widest bands are now adults aged 20–34, while each younger band is smaller.
- 2026 population
- 53.9Mrank 28 of 237
- Median age
- 33.0 yearsoldest rank 124
- Fertility rate
- 1.60births per woman · below replacement
- Structure
- Transitional10.6% age 65+
Colombia population pyramid
2026 · Share of total by five-year age group and sex
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The UN series provides historical estimates through 2023. Figures from 2024 onward—including 2026—are medium-scenario projections, not counts or predictions guaranteed to occur.
Colombia age distribution in 2026
Children under 15 account for 19.7% of the population, while 10.6% are aged 65 or older. The remaining 69.6% are in the conventional working-age range of 15–64. On these shares, the site classifies Colombia’s age structure as transitional; the guide to population pyramid types explains what that shape implies.
The total age dependency ratio is 43.6: about 44 people under 15 or 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64 (28.4 children and 15.3 older people). This is an age-balance indicator, not a literal count of economic dependants per worker.
What shapes Colombia’s population pyramid
A fast fertility decline
In 1950 Colombia’s pyramid was a wide triangle: a total fertility rate of about 6.4, rising to about 6.7 around 1960, fed ever larger cohorts of children, while life expectancy was only about 48 years. Fertility then fell quickly, to 3.8 by 1980, 2.6 by 2000 and about 1.6 today, well below the replacement level. Set beside the Colombia 1950 pyramid, today’s profile shows how far the weight has moved from children to adults.
The base stopped widening around 2000, when the 0–4 and 5–9 bands each held about 4.3 million children. By 2026 the 0–4 band is down to about 3.5 million, while the 30–34 band, born about 1992–96, holds about 4.6 million and is the largest in the country. The chart has no sharp notches or bulges; the change is a smooth narrowing of the base rather than the jagged scars seen in countries hit by war or sudden birth collapses. Adults born in the 1990s are still entering their thirties, so births continue to outnumber deaths by more than two to one, an example of population momentum.
Emigration turned to immigration
For half a century Colombia lost people: net migration between 1950 and 1999 was about −2.3 million. Between 2000 and 2023 it was a net gain of about 1.5 million, a reversal widely attributed to the large arrival of Venezuelans since the mid-2010s. Migration adds to young adult bands, and the UN medium scenario still assumes a net inflow of about one million people between 2026 and 2050, but it is small next to the effect of falling fertility on the base.
At older ages the sexes diverge. Women live about five years longer than men (80.9 against 75.6 years), so the sex ratio falls from about 100 men per 100 women at ages 30–34 to 84 at 70–74 and 69 at 80–84. The countries with the most similar age structure today include Jamaica, Brazil and Turkey, all of which also went from high to below-replacement fertility within about two generations.
Under the medium scenario Colombia’s population peaks at about 59 million in 2050, deaths first exceed births in 2051, and by 2100 the population is about 47 million with a median age near 52.
What to notice across the years
Distinctive cohorts and turning points
No five-year band under age 80 is more than 10% larger or smaller than both of its neighbours, so Colombia’s 2026 pyramid has a comparatively smooth profile without sharp bulges or notches.
Births outnumber deaths in 2026; the medium scenario projects deaths to exceed births from 2051. People aged 65 and older are projected to outnumber children under 15 by 2040.
Births, deaths, and migration
A pyramid changes in only three ways: births add to the base, deaths remove people at every age, and migration adds or removes people mainly in young adulthood. In 2026, Colombia is projected to record 684,798 births (about one birth every 46 seconds) and 304,666 deaths, a natural increase of 380,132. Net migration adds +115,815 people, ranking #51 in the net migration rate ranking.
Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates 18,268,329 births, 5,937,481 deaths, and cumulative net migration of +1,501,061. Over that period the balance of births and deaths moved the total more than migration did. See how migration shapes a pyramid and birth rate versus fertility rate. The medium scenario assumes net migration of +1,040,122 between 2026 and 2050.
Annual values 1950–2100; dashed lines after 2023 are the UN medium projection. The trend table below lists the values by decade.
Life expectancy and mortality
- Life expectancy, women
- 80.9 years50.6 in 1950
- Life expectancy, men
- 75.6 years46.1 in 1950
- Further years at 65
- 18.7 yearsboth sexes
- Infant mortality
- 9.0per 1,000 births · 127 in 1950
- Under-five mortality
- 11.0per 1,000 births
- Mother’s mean age at birth
- 26.7 yearssex ratio at birth 104.5
Women in Colombia are projected to live 5.3 years longer than men, which is why the female side of the pyramid widens relative to the other at older ages (see the life expectancy gap ranking). Infant mortality has fallen from 127 to 9.0 deaths per 1,000 live births since 1950, ranking #124 of 237 in the infant mortality ranking (highest first). A mean age at childbearing of 26.7 years sets the spacing between generations, and so how far apart echo cohorts sit in the pyramid.
Median age, fertility rate, and global ranks for Colombia
The median age of 33.0 years splits the population into two equal halves. A total fertility rate of 1.60 births per woman is below the replacement level of roughly 2.1, and life expectancy at birth is 78.3 years.
These ranks compare all 237 countries and areas in this dataset using the same 2026 UN medium projection. Ranks use the stored source precision, so displayed rounding can make adjacent values look identical; small differences should not be overinterpreted.
| Indicator | 2026 value | Global rank | Ranking direction |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 53,936,226 | #28 | Largest first |
| Median age | 33.0 years | #124 | Oldest first |
| Fertility rate | 1.60 | #150 | Highest first |
| Annual growth | +0.9% | #101 | Fastest first |
| Life expectancy | 78.3 years | #80 | Highest first |
| Population aged 65+ | 10.6% | #113 | Highest share first |
Largest age groups in Colombia
The five largest cohorts identify where the 2026 population is concentrated. They can reflect past birth patterns, survival, and migration; the chart alone does not establish which cause dominates.
| Rank | Age group | Population | Share of total | Male / female |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30–34 | 4,620,899 | 8.6% | 2.3M / 2.3M |
| 2 | 25–29 | 4,560,349 | 8.5% | 2.3M / 2.3M |
| 3 | 20–24 | 4,228,344 | 7.8% | 2.1M / 2.1M |
| 4 | 35–39 | 4,220,396 | 7.8% | 2.1M / 2.1M |
| 5 | 40–44 | 3,869,663 | 7.2% | 1.9M / 2M |
Sex ratio and the balance by age
In the 2026 projection, Colombia has 26,607,386 males and 27,328,840 females. That is 97.4 males per 100 females, ranking #144 when the dataset is ordered from the highest male-to-female ratio to the lowest.
Males account for 49.3% of the population and females for 50.7%. There are 721,454 more females than males overall. Among people aged 65 and older, the ratio is 79.9 males per 100 females.
The overall balance can conceal large differences by age; how sex ratios change with age explains the usual pattern. The ratio reflects the male/female categories in the UN source and is not a measure of gender identity. Compare all profiles in the sex-ratio ranking.
At birth, 104.5 boys are projected to be born for every 100 girls in 2026, close to the biological norm of about 105 (compare the sex ratio at birth ranking). The ratio at birth sets the balance at the base of the pyramid; how it changes with age then depends on survival and migration.
How Colombia has changed since 1950
The population has increased from 11,766,988 in 1950 to 53,936,226 in 2026, a change of 358%. Over the same span, median age moved from 16.9 to 33.0 years.
The under-15 share changed from 43.7% to 19.7%, while the share aged 65 and older changed from 3.2% to 10.6%. These shifts show why total population growth and age-structure change need to be read separately. See the Colombia population pyramid in 1950 for the full starting shape.
How the population could change by 2050
Under the UN medium scenario, Colombia’s population is projected to grow by about 10%, reaching 59,385,356 in 2050. The median age changes from 33.0 to 43.7 years.
The 65+ share is projected to rise by 10.0 percentage points to 20.6%. At the same time, the under-15 share is projected at 14.6%. The Colombia population pyramid for 2050 shows the projected shape in detail. How UN projections work explains the assumptions behind these figures.
The annual UN series reaches its highest projected population of 59,385,356 in 2050. That turning point depends on the medium scenario and may move in later revisions. Compare timing across countries in the population peak ranking.
Population trend: 1950–2100
Mid-year population for every year. Estimates through 2023; dashed line shows the UN medium projection.
| Year | Population | Median age | Fertility | Life exp. | Births | Deaths | Net migration | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 11,766,988 | 16.9 | 6.41 | 48.3 | 546,443 | 206,856 | −35,312 | +2.6% |
| 1960 | 15,606,209 | 15.5 | 6.74 | 56.6 | 716,027 | 186,710 | −49,115 | +3.1% |
| 1970 | 20,811,782 | 15.7 | 5.28 | 61.5 | 758,900 | 175,500 | −66,065 | +2.5% |
| 1980 | 26,104,498 | 17.9 | 3.80 | 66.7 | 810,658 | 160,786 | −44,203 | +2.3% |
| 1990 | 32,440,069 | 20.8 | 3.00 | 68.7 | 872,601 | 190,203 | −7,590 | +2.1% |
| 2000 | 39,089,934 | 23.2 | 2.57 | 70.9 | 870,048 | 217,878 | −27,878 | +1.6% |
| 2010 | 44,777,319 | 26.5 | 2.01 | 74.9 | 758,100 | 224,435 | −34,220 | +1.1% |
| 2020 | 50,629,997 | 30.4 | 1.69 | 74.8 | 714,207 | 335,210 | +227,130 | +1.2% |
| 2023 | 52,321,152 | 31.6 | 1.65 | 77.7 | 705,009 | 282,433 | +154,521 | +1.1% |
| 2024* | 52,886,364 | 32.0 | 1.63 | 77.9 | 700,784 | 289,099 | +141,643 | +1.1% |
| 2026* | 53,936,226 | 33.0 | 1.60 | 78.3 | 684,798 | 304,666 | +115,815 | +0.9% |
| 2030* | 55,736,475 | 34.8 | 1.58 | 79.0 | 656,778 | 339,191 | +84,670 | +0.7% |
| 2040* | 58,576,446 | 39.5 | 1.57 | 80.8 | 590,423 | 440,844 | +20,414 | +0.3% |
| 2050* | 59,385,356 | 43.7 | 1.58 | 82.4 | 544,861 | 540,605 | −558 | +0.0% |
| 2060* | 58,833,441 | 46.8 | 1.58 | 84.0 | 501,487 | 613,082 | −362 | -0.2% |
| 2070* | 57,128,480 | 49.0 | 1.59 | 85.3 | 455,311 | 686,095 | −456 | -0.4% |
| 2080* | 54,267,963 | 50.8 | 1.59 | 86.6 | 421,189 | 754,485 | −381 | -0.6% |
| 2090* | 50,674,501 | 51.5 | 1.60 | 87.8 | 390,916 | 762,486 | −211 | -0.7% |
| 2100* | 47,080,764 | 51.8 | 1.60 | 88.9 | 358,954 | 698,634 | −250 | -0.7% |
* 2024 onward is the UN medium projection. Fertility is births per woman; life expectancy is years at birth; births, deaths, and net migration are counts for that calendar year.
Download every year, 1950–2100 (CSV)
2026 population by age and sex
The table provides the counts behind the chart. Age groups are five-year bands, with everyone aged 100 or older combined.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 1,792,404 | 1,719,748 | 3,512,152 | 6.5% |
| 5–9 | 1,813,290 | 1,742,290 | 3,555,580 | 6.6% |
| 10–14 | 1,827,582 | 1,754,012 | 3,581,594 | 6.6% |
| 15–19 | 1,964,388 | 1,887,995 | 3,852,383 | 7.1% |
| 20–24 | 2,142,218 | 2,086,126 | 4,228,344 | 7.8% |
| 25–29 | 2,289,742 | 2,270,607 | 4,560,349 | 8.5% |
| 30–34 | 2,306,634 | 2,314,265 | 4,620,899 | 8.6% |
| 35–39 | 2,102,592 | 2,117,804 | 4,220,396 | 7.8% |
| 40–44 | 1,917,393 | 1,952,270 | 3,869,663 | 7.2% |
| 45–49 | 1,707,964 | 1,771,150 | 3,479,114 | 6.5% |
| 50–54 | 1,506,491 | 1,594,357 | 3,100,848 | 5.7% |
| 55–59 | 1,408,753 | 1,519,929 | 2,928,682 | 5.4% |
| 60–64 | 1,279,535 | 1,409,829 | 2,689,364 | 5.0% |
| 65–69 | 1,015,335 | 1,156,975 | 2,172,310 | 4.0% |
| 70–74 | 722,165 | 860,751 | 1,582,916 | 2.9% |
| 75–79 | 454,925 | 583,489 | 1,038,414 | 1.9% |
| 80–84 | 242,092 | 352,742 | 594,834 | 1.1% |
| 85–89 | 88,422 | 163,129 | 251,551 | 0.5% |
| 90–94 | 22,154 | 57,237 | 79,391 | 0.1% |
| 95–99 | 3,033 | 12,603 | 15,636 | 0.0% |
| 100+ | 274 | 1,533 | 1,807 | 0.0% |
Countries with the most similar age structure
These profiles have the 2026 age distributions closest to Colombia’s, measured by the total difference in the share of the population in each five-year band. Similar shapes can arise from very different histories, so the match is a starting point for comparison, not an explanation.
- Jamaica96% overlap · median age 33.3
- Brazil96% overlap · median age 35.2
- Turkey96% overlap · median age 33.9
- Kosovo96% overlap · median age 33.2
- Saint Lucia96% overlap · median age 35.1
- Costa Rica95% overlap · median age 35.7
To calculate school-age, working-age, or older groups with other boundaries, use the age-group calculator for Colombia.
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APA
World Population Pyramid. (2026, October 19). Colombia Population Pyramid 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/colombia/
MLA
“Colombia Population Pyramid 2026.” World Population Pyramid, 19 Oct. 2026, worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/colombia/.
Chicago
World Population Pyramid. “Colombia Population Pyramid 2026.” Last modified October 19, 2026. https://worldpopulationpyramid.com/countries/colombia/.
Underlying data: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2024). World Population Prospects 2024.
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Colombia in 2026?
Under the UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium scenario, Colombia's population in 2026 is projected at 53,936,226.
What is the median age in Colombia?
The projected median age in Colombia in 2026 is 33.0 years: half the population is younger and half is older.
What is the fertility rate in Colombia?
The projected total fertility rate in 2026 is 1.60 births per woman, below the replacement level of about 2.1 in low-mortality populations.
Is Colombia's population projected to grow?
Between 2026 and 2050, the UN medium scenario indicates the population will grow by about 10%, from 53.9M to 59.4M.
What share of Colombia is aged 65 or older?
In 2026, 10.6% of the projected population is aged 65 or older. By 2050, the medium scenario places the share at 20.6%.
How many babies are born in Colombia each year?
The UN medium scenario projects 684,798 births and 304,666 deaths in 2026, about one birth every 46 seconds. Births exceed deaths by 380,132.
What is life expectancy in Colombia for men and women?
Life expectancy at birth in 2026 is projected at 80.9 years for women and 75.6 years for men, a gap of 5.3 years in favour of women.
Does Colombia have more immigrants or emigrants?
Colombia is projected to gain about 115,815 more people through migration than it loses in 2026. Between 2000 and 2023 the UN estimates cumulative net migration of +1,501,061.
What is the sex ratio in Colombia?
The projected 2026 population sex ratio is 97.4 males per 100 females. This all-age ratio is different from the sex ratio at birth and can vary substantially by age.
Sources and notes
- United Nations, DESA, Population Division: World Population Prospects 2024, medium scenario.
- Population values are mid-year figures. Source values published in thousands are converted to people; displayed figures may imply more precision than is appropriate for planning.
- Historical values through 2023 are estimates. Values from 2024 onward are projections.
- Calculations follow the site methodology.